本文選題：清官 + 陳鵬年　； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：清朝前期,統(tǒng)治者憑借強(qiáng)大的軍事力量,消滅、平定了各地的抗清勢力和叛亂勢力,實(shí)現(xiàn)了全國的統(tǒng)一。同時(shí),采取了一系列措施,加強(qiáng)了中央集權(quán),使社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)得到恢復(fù)和發(fā)展。到康熙年間,清王朝的統(tǒng)治已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了穩(wěn)定的局面。為了強(qiáng)化封建專制,維護(hù)封建統(tǒng)治秩序,清朝統(tǒng)治者一方面大興文字獄,對(duì)具有反清意識(shí)的漢族知識(shí)分子實(shí)行嚴(yán)酷的高壓。另一方面,承認(rèn)儒學(xué)的正統(tǒng)地位,大力倡導(dǎo)理學(xué),以加強(qiáng)思想上的統(tǒng)治。同時(shí),通過科舉取士,開設(shè)“博學(xué)鴻詞科”,借以籠絡(luò)士人,使之為其所用。凡此種種,都對(duì)清代前期的社會(huì)產(chǎn)生了深刻的影響,也涌現(xiàn)出了一批具有遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí)的杰出人物。陳鵬年就是其中的代表之一,說其杰出并不是因?yàn)槠渥鲞^多大的官職,做出了多少轟轟烈烈的貢獻(xiàn),而是因?yàn)槠淞蹦芨�、因�(yàn)槠涠脠?jiān)持。 陳鵬年,清初康熙朝賢臣,廉潔愛民,以清正聞名,有“江南第一清官”之稱,是當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)少有的不諂媚、亦不貪污的官吏之一。他一生為官始終堅(jiān)持廉潔勤政,關(guān)注民生,體察民情,在志節(jié)、文章、水利及河務(wù)改革方面都成績卓著,深受康熙、雍正兩朝皇帝的信任和欣賞,因而在當(dāng)時(shí)影響很大�！翱登⑹馈睍r(shí)期,經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮,社會(huì)趨于穩(wěn)定,但始終改變不了封建社會(huì)的專制屬性,脫離不了封建法制的束縛,百姓苛捐雜稅依然沉重,貪污官吏、官官相護(hù)等社會(huì)現(xiàn)象仍較突出,階級(jí)矛盾尖銳。作為清初具有代表性的實(shí)干家,陳鵬年在宦海沉浮中形成了自己的法律思想,對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)具有積極的意義。 第一,本文將從陳鵬年的生平,包括其家庭背景和個(gè)人經(jīng)歷方面入手,追溯其生活軌跡,并分析當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化以及具有特色的湖南理學(xué)對(duì)他法制思想形成產(chǎn)生的影響。 第二,著重探討陳鵬年法律思想在司法理念、慎刑思想與法律教育思想等方面的表現(xiàn),這些思想富于實(shí)踐性和針對(duì)性,在客觀上產(chǎn)生了有利于人民群眾的進(jìn)步意義。 第三,綜合以上分析,總結(jié)出陳鵬年法律思想的特點(diǎn),并對(duì)其產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)價(jià)值和影響做進(jìn)一步的綜合評(píng)價(jià)。
[Abstract]:In the early Qing Dynasty, the rulers, by virtue of the powerful military force, eliminated, calmed down the anti-Qing forces and the rebel forces, and realized the unification of the whole country.At the same time, a series of measures have been taken to strengthen the centralization of power, so that social and economic recovery and development.By the time of Kangxi, the reign of Qing Dynasty had been stable.In order to strengthen the feudal autocracy and maintain the feudal ruling order, on the one hand, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty carried out harsh pressure on the Han intellectuals with anti-Qing consciousness.On the other hand, recognizing the orthodox position of Confucianism and advocating Neo-Confucianism to strengthen ideological rule.At the same time, through the imperial examination to take scholars, set up "Boxue Hongci Section", in order to win over the scholars, so that it is used.All of these had a profound influence on the society in the early Qing Dynasty, and a group of visionary and outstanding people emerged.Chen Peng is one of the representatives, said that its outstanding is not because of its too much official position, how much great contribution, but because its honest and able, because it knows how to adhere.Chen Peng, Emperor of Kangxi Dynasty in the early Qing Dynasty, was famous for his cleanliness and honesty, known as "the first clean official in the south of the Yangtze River", which was one of the few officials who did not flatter or corrupt the society at that time.In his life as an official, he always adhered to honest and diligent government, concerned about the people's livelihood, observed the people's feelings, and made outstanding achievements in the history festival, articles, water conservancy and river affairs reform. He was deeply trusted and appreciated by the emperors of Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties, so he had a great influence at that time.During the prosperous period of Kang and Qian, the economy was prosperous and the society tended to be stable, but it could not change the autocratic character of the feudal society and break away from the shackles of the feudal legal system. The imposition of taxes and taxes on the common people was still heavy, and officials were embezzled.Official care and other social phenomena are still prominent, class contradictions sharp.As a representative doer in the early Qing Dynasty, Chen Peng formed his own legal thought in the ups and downs of the official sea, which was of positive significance to the society at that time.First, this article will start with Chen Peng's life story, including his family background and personal experience, trace his life track, and analyze the social politics and economy of that time.The influence of culture and Hunan Neo-Confucianism on the formation of his legal thought.Secondly, this paper focuses on the performance of Chen Peng's legal thoughts in the aspects of judicial idea, careful punishment thought and legal education thought, which are full of practicality and pertinence, and have objectively produced progressive significance in favor of the masses of the people.Third, synthesizing the above analysis, summed up the characteristics of Chen Peng's legal thought, and made a further comprehensive evaluation of its social value and influence.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D909.2

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