本文選題：守法　切入點(diǎn)：倫理　出處：《南京師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)的法律學(xué)人對(duì)守法的解釋從義務(wù)本位的守法觀邁進(jìn)權(quán)利本位的守法觀,繼而發(fā)展到強(qiáng)調(diào)主體性的守法觀。守法可以分為公民守法和政府守法、規(guī)范守法和隱性守法、消極守法和積極守法。 以倫理為基石的守法觀認(rèn)為：法律本身就是一項(xiàng)人類(lèi)的契約,公民守法是因?yàn)樗麄冏鳛樯鐣?huì)契約的當(dāng)事人,在訂立社會(huì)契約規(guī)定自己的權(quán)利和義務(wù)時(shí),是公民應(yīng)用自己的理性進(jìn)行抉擇的結(jié)果；法律就要化身為公平的象征。公民的守法義務(wù)在于一個(gè)人從其他人的守法行為中獲得好處時(shí),他也必須自覺(jué)遵守法律以使自己的守法行為有利于他人,一個(gè)人在享受法律賦予他的權(quán)利的同時(shí),必須履行法律所賦予他的義務(wù)；功利是法律的出發(fā)點(diǎn),一切法律都以增進(jìn)社會(huì)幸福的總和為目的,同時(shí)功利又是法律的歸宿,社會(huì)功利的實(shí)現(xiàn)就是法律的實(shí)現(xiàn)。為了自己和他人的幸福、利益,公民個(gè)人也要自覺(jué)守法。 依憑規(guī)范分析的守法觀強(qiáng)調(diào)：法律的主體部分主要是政治優(yōu)勢(shì)者的命令,法律作為命令的屬性并不因它的某些例外而動(dòng)搖。公民守法義務(wù)始于習(xí)慣終于制裁。公民守法依法律規(guī)定行為既是在維護(hù)規(guī)則的法律性質(zhì),同時(shí)又是在履行義務(wù)。法律權(quán)威就是指法律在一個(gè)社會(huì)中居于至高無(wú)上的地位,享有崇高的威望,得到普遍的遵守和廣泛的認(rèn)同,在調(diào)控社會(huì)生活方面發(fā)揮基礎(chǔ)和主導(dǎo)的作用,其他社會(huì)規(guī)范在法律的統(tǒng)帥下發(fā)揮作用。法律權(quán)威的維護(hù)則出自人們內(nèi)心對(duì)法律權(quán)威的認(rèn)同。 一旦法律規(guī)范的內(nèi)容在守法主體的倫理層面獲得證立,法律的實(shí)現(xiàn)則會(huì)更多地通過(guò)自律發(fā)生而不是強(qiáng)制和規(guī)避。倫理價(jià)值只能決定人自己的良心,而不能決定法律制度。法律規(guī)范的確定性不僅為法律的實(shí)現(xiàn)提供了便利,而且法律規(guī)范的實(shí)現(xiàn)也同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)了社會(huì)的公平正義。忽視了守法過(guò)程中人的主體地位,既不能很好的詮釋守法的真正內(nèi)涵,也不利于調(diào)動(dòng)守法主體的積極性、自覺(jué)性。當(dāng)法律所涵括的倫理價(jià)值能為社會(huì)大多數(shù)人所接受時(shí),此時(shí)法律的規(guī)范性就獲得了一種倫理證成,倫理與規(guī)范在法律那里統(tǒng)一在一起。公民守法既有倫理層面的自律,又有規(guī)范層面的他律。法律的倫理性與規(guī)范性并不總是統(tǒng)一在一起的,規(guī)范偏離倫理的情況也時(shí)有發(fā)生。西方的“公民不服從”理論主張人的良心高于政府和法律,個(gè)人有權(quán)不服從違背其良心的法律和命令。就我國(guó)的法治建設(shè)現(xiàn)實(shí)而言,不能過(guò)度的宣揚(yáng)法律的倫理性而忽視法律的規(guī)范性,堅(jiān)持不得“隨意自決”的義務(wù)觀是最好的選擇。
[Abstract]:The interpretation of law-abiding by the jurists of our country stride forward to the law-abiding view of the rights-standard from the law-abiding view of the obligation standard, and then develop to the law-abiding view emphasizing the subjectivity.Law-abiding can be divided into citizen-abiding and government-abiding, normative law-abiding and recessive law-abiding, passive law-abiding and active law-abiding.The view of abiding by law, which is based on ethics, holds that the law itself is a contract of human beings. Citizens abide by the law because they, as parties to the social contract, stipulate their rights and obligations when they enter into a social contract.It is the result of citizens' choice with their own rationality; the law is the symbol of justice.The duty of a citizen to abide by the law lies in the fact that when a person benefits from the law-abiding behavior of another person, he must also consciously abide by the law in order to make his law-abiding behavior beneficial to others, while enjoying the rights conferred on him by the law,Utilitarian is the starting point of law. All laws aim to promote the sum of social happiness. At the same time utilitarianism is the end of law. The realization of social utility is the realization of law.For the happiness, benefit of oneself and others, citizen individual also must consciously abide by the law.According to the law-abiding view of normative analysis, the main part of the law is mainly the order of the political superiority, and the attribute of the law as an order is not shaken by some exceptions.A citizen's obligation to abide by the law begins with custom and finally sanctions.Citizens obey the law and act according to the law not only to maintain the legal nature of the rules, but also to fulfill their obligations.Legal authority means that the law occupies the supreme position in a society, enjoys high prestige, is generally observed and widely recognized, and plays a fundamental and leading role in regulating and controlling social life.Other social norms play a role under the commander-in-chief of the law.The maintenance of legal authority comes from people's inner recognition of legal authority.Once the content of legal norms is established on the ethical level of law-abiding subjects, the realization of law will occur more through self-discipline rather than compulsion and circumvention.Ethical values can only determine one's own conscience, not the legal system.The certainty of legal norms not only facilitates the realization of law, but also realizes social fairness and justice.Neglecting the subject position in the process of abiding by the law can neither explain the true connotation of abiding by the law, nor arouse the enthusiasm and consciousness of the subject of abiding by the law.When the ethical value contained in the law can be accepted by most people in the society, the normative of the law obtains an ethical proof, and the ethics and the norm are United together in the law.The citizen obeys the law not only the self-discipline of ethics level, but also the discipline of norm level.The ethical and normative aspects of law are not always United, and the deviation of norms from ethics occurs from time to time.The western theory of "civil disobedience" claims that human conscience is superior to government and law, and that individuals have the right not to obey laws and orders that violate their conscience.As far as the reality of our country's construction of rule of law is concerned, it is the best choice not to excessively propagate the ethics of law and ignore the standardization of law, and to insist on the obligation view of "no arbitrary self-determination".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D90

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 楊晶;我國(guó)保險(xiǎn)人說(shuō)明義務(wù)法律重構(gòu)問(wèn)題研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：1704186