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  本文選題：假說　切入點：偵查假設(shè)　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：偵查假設(shè)是偵查邏輯學(xué)的一個重要組成部分，是偵查認(rèn)識活動不可分割的一個重要方面。在偵查形勢變幻莫測的背景下，建立的偵查假設(shè)質(zhì)量的高低，直接決定著案件能否偵破，犯罪分子能否被繩之以法。作為一種偵查思維方式，它的正確與否決定著整個偵查思維的進(jìn)程和偵查活動的開展。因此，如何建立更為科學(xué)合理的偵查假設(shè)對于案件的偵破工作時至關(guān)重要的。 本文結(jié)合回溯推理的相關(guān)理論，分析了建立偵查假設(shè)的整個過程，著重分析了如何建立可以有效指導(dǎo)案件偵查的合理假設(shè)，以推動偵查假設(shè)的理論研究，進(jìn)而指導(dǎo)偵查實踐。本文分為三個部分： 第一部分：偵查假設(shè)概述。從偵查假設(shè)的理論基礎(chǔ)——科學(xué)假說入手，在分析科學(xué)假說特征及其發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上提出偵查假設(shè)的涵義；在對偵查假設(shè)的基本涵義進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述的前提下，提出建立偵查假設(shè)的總原理——P—H—D循環(huán)，將偵查假設(shè)的建立以邏輯循環(huán)的模式呈現(xiàn)出來，使建立的偵查假設(shè)更為科學(xué)合理。 第二部分：回溯推理基本理論。由回溯推理的起源及發(fā)展開始討論，分析回溯推理的定義，并將其與演繹、歸納推理進(jìn)行區(qū)別；回溯推理的邏輯形式幾經(jīng)演變，從皮爾斯到漢森，從齊姆賓斯基到國內(nèi)學(xué)者的改進(jìn)、改良模式，這些理論研究都極大地促進(jìn)了回溯推理理論的發(fā)展，尤其是被國內(nèi)學(xué)界普遍認(rèn)同的“改進(jìn)模式”，其從前提到結(jié)論的表述都更加的完善，也更能夠反映出回溯推理的實質(zhì)內(nèi)涵；最后，結(jié)合休謨的因果關(guān)系理論對回溯推理進(jìn)行因果分析，并在此基礎(chǔ)上對其模式進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度判定，將回溯推理的邏輯形式細(xì)分為幾種強(qiáng)弱度不同的模式，以期更加詳細(xì)的研究回溯推理。 第三部分：偵查假設(shè)的建立。此部分是本文研究的重點，偵查假設(shè)與回溯推理是兩種不同的邏輯方法，，但是兩者之間卻存在著十分緊密的邏輯聯(lián)系，存在著一個結(jié)合點，而這個結(jié)合點就是偵查假設(shè)的建立。因此，該部分從建立偵查假設(shè)的意義、原則以及方法入手，結(jié)合典型案例詳細(xì)分析了如何運用回溯推理的幾種強(qiáng)弱模式建立以及排除偵查假設(shè)，正確的指導(dǎo)案情分析，最終偵查破案，將理論成功的運用在偵查實踐中，更好的指導(dǎo)偵查實踐。
[Abstract]:The investigation hypothesis is an important part of the investigation logic and an inseparable important aspect of the investigation cognition activity. Under the background of the unpredictable investigation situation, the quality of the investigation hypothesis established is high or low. It directly determines whether the case can be solved and whether the criminals can be brought to justice. As a mode of thinking of investigation, whether it is correct or not determines the process of the whole investigation thinking and the development of investigation activities. How to establish a more scientific and reasonable investigation hypothesis is very important for the detection of cases. Based on the related theory of retrospective reasoning, this paper analyzes the whole process of establishing the investigation hypothesis, and emphatically analyzes how to establish the reasonable hypothesis which can guide the investigation of the case effectively, in order to promote the theoretical research of the investigation hypothesis. This paper is divided into three parts:. The first part: the summary of investigation hypothesis, starting with the theoretical basis of investigation hypothesis-scientific hypothesis, on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of scientific hypothesis and its development, the meaning of investigation hypothesis is put forward. On the premise of expounding the basic meaning of investigation hypothesis in detail, the general principle of establishing investigation hypothesis, P-H-D cycle, is put forward, and the establishment of investigation hypothesis is presented in the mode of logical cycle, which makes the established investigation hypothesis more scientific and reasonable. The second part: the basic theory of backtracking reasoning. From the origin and development of backtracking reasoning, the definition of backtracking reasoning is analyzed, and it is distinguished from deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning. From Pierce to Hansen, from Zimbinsky to domestic scholars' improvement and improvement model, these theoretical studies have greatly promoted the development of the theory of backtracking reasoning. In particular, the "improvement model", which is generally accepted by the domestic academic circles, is more perfect in the expression of the conclusions mentioned before, and can also reflect the essential connotation of the retrospective reasoning. Combined with Hume's causality theory, this paper analyzes the causality of backtracking reasoning, and on the basis of this, determines the intensity of its model, and subdivides the logical form of backtracking reasoning into several models with different degrees of strength and weakness. In order to study backtracking reasoning in more detail. The third part: the establishment of investigation hypothesis. This part is the focus of this study. Investigation hypothesis and retrospective reasoning are two different logical methods, but there is a very close logical relationship between them, and there is a joint point. And this joint point is the establishment of the investigation hypothesis. Therefore, this part starts with the significance, principles and methods of establishing the investigation hypothesis. Combined with typical cases, this paper analyzes in detail how to use several strong and weak models of retrospective reasoning to establish and exclude the investigation hypothesis, correctly guide the case analysis, and finally solve the case, and apply the theory successfully in the investigation practice. Better guide investigation practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D90-051

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