本文選題：國籍問題　切入點：法律應(yīng)對　出處：《中國政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：1909年3月28日,清政府下令頒行《大清國籍條例》,開創(chuàng)了中國國籍立法的先河。此部國籍法的出臺,是多種因素共同作用的結(jié)果。在晚清政府制定國籍法以前,中國古代歷史上并不當(dāng)然存在現(xiàn)代國籍法意義上的國籍概念,也正是由于國籍法的缺失,致使晚清社會出現(xiàn)了一系列復(fù)雜且混亂的國籍問題。海外華僑改歸外籍、西北邊疆少數(shù)民族加入外籍以及內(nèi)地民人私自改籍,這些問題的存在,嚴重擾亂了基層社會管理秩序,造成基層官府管理上的困難。地方官員處理國籍問題時無法可依,因而在與西方駐華領(lǐng)事交涉時相當(dāng)被動,外國領(lǐng)事從中橫加干涉,損害中國司法主權(quán)。本文試圖從晚清社會存在的一系列國籍問題入手,分析造成這些問題的原因以及統(tǒng)治者為解決這些問題而采取的對策,并在此基礎(chǔ)上進一步探討了清政府制定國籍法的歷史條件。文章最后回歸到《大清國籍條例》,在對該法律文本及其施行情況進行分析的過程中,揭示了晚清政府決心從西方引入國籍法律制度,制定《大清國籍條例》的價值與意義。 從文章的結(jié)構(gòu)上看,本文共分為三個部分,即引言、正文和結(jié)論。 引言,在該部分筆者交代了選題意義,學(xué)術(shù)界對該問題的研究現(xiàn)狀以及筆者寫作本文時所依據(jù)的主要材料。 正文,正文共分為四個問題。 第一,晚清國籍問題凸現(xiàn)。在傳統(tǒng)的中國社會,統(tǒng)治者主要依靠戶籍制度管理人民,人民與國家之間的關(guān)系亦是通過戶籍制度建立起來的。高度發(fā)達完備的戶籍制度,足以滿足統(tǒng)治的需要。鴉片戰(zhàn)爭后,隨著華工出國合法化,出國人數(shù)急劇上升。如何管理海外華僑,使之永久效忠清政府,成為一個新問題擺在統(tǒng)治者的面前,國籍問題隨即產(chǎn)生。這一時期的國籍問題,主要表現(xiàn)為四個方面即海外華僑被迫改籍、邊疆少數(shù)民族改籍、內(nèi)地民人私自改籍以及管理歸僑的難題。 第二,清政府的應(yīng)對。統(tǒng)治者為解決國籍問題,采取了一些較有針對性的政策措施,由于受各種因素的干擾,這些政策措施沒有充分發(fā)揮作用。 第三,晚清國籍法的孕育�！皣弊鳛槲鞣椒晌拿鞯漠a(chǎn)物,對晚清統(tǒng)治者來說完全是一個規(guī)定國家與臣民之間關(guān)系的新名詞。那么在清政府從西方全面引入國籍法律制度之前,中國古代歷史上是否出現(xiàn)過相關(guān)法律規(guī)定?促使統(tǒng)治者接受西方國籍觀念,決心制定國籍法的契機是什么?地方官員、駐外使臣以及民間學(xué)者對統(tǒng)治者態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變起到了怎樣的作用? 第四,晚清國籍立法實踐。在《大清國籍條例》正式出臺以前,地方官員和駐外使臣處理國籍問題時,主要依據(jù)1868年中美之間簽訂的《蒲安臣條約》,但是實際處理結(jié)果并不理想。究其原因,在于中國自身缺乏一部國籍法。該部分的主要內(nèi)容包括四個方面即《大清國籍條例》的制定過程、具體內(nèi)容、施行情況及其對民國國籍法的影響。 結(jié)論,在對全文進行總結(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上,闡述了筆者對晚清國籍法律問題的幾點認識。
[Abstract]:In March 28, 1909, the Qing government ordered the Qing nationality Ordinance enacted ", creating a legislative precedent. This China nationality nationality law, is the result of many factors. In the late Qing government before making the nationality law, Chinese ancient history does not exist on the law meaning of modern nationality nationality concept, it is also due to the lack of the nationality law in late Qing Dynasty, a series of complex and chaotic nationality. Overseas Chinese should be foreign, northwest frontier minority and joined the foreign inland people secretly changed nationality, the existence of these problems, seriously disrupting the order of social grass-roots management, resulting in the grass-roots government management difficult. Local officials to deal with the nationality problem to follow, so in the negotiations with the Western consulates quite passive, consular from interference, damage China judicial sovereignty. This article attempts from the late Qing Dynasty With a series of nationality problems, analyze the causes of these problems and Countermeasures to solve the problems of the rulers, and on this basis to further explore the Qing government enacted law of nationality historical conditions. Finally, return to the "Regulations on the nationality of Qing Dynasty, in the process of analyzing the text of the law and its implementation that reveals the late Qing government decided to introduce the nationality legal system from the west, the value and significance of making" Qing nationality Regulations >.
From the structure of the article, this article is divided into three parts, namely the introduction, the text and the conclusion.
In this part, the author explains the significance of the topic, the current status of the research in the academic circle and the main materials used by the author in this article.
Text, the text is divided into four problems.
First, highlight in the late Qing Dynasty nationality. In the traditional Chinese society, rulers rely mainly on the management of household registration system, the relationship between the people and the country is also set up by the household registration system. Highly developed and complete the household registration system, to meet the needs of the rule. After the Opium War, with the legalization of Chinese workers going abroad, the number of people going abroad increased dramatically. How to manage overseas, the Xiao Zhongqing administration made permanent, has become a new problem in the rulers before, nationality nationality problems ensue. During this period, mainly in four aspects: Overseas Chinese were forced to change nationality, minority nationality changed, the inland people secretly changed nationality and the problems of management of Returned Overseas Chinese.
Second, the Qing government's response. The rulers took some targeted policies and measures to solve the nationality problem. Because of the interference of various factors, these policies and measures did not play a full role.
Third, pregnant in late Qing Dynasty Nationality Law "nationality". As a product of western legal civilization, to the rulers of the late Qing Dynasty was a new term stipulated in the relationship between the state and the people. So before the Qing government introduced from the western nationality legal system, Chinese ancient history whether there have been relevant laws and regulations to accept Western rulers? What is the idea of nationality, to develop opportunity of the nationality law? Local officials, envoys and folk scholars changes on the attitude of the rulers played a role in what?
Fourth, in the late Qing Dynasty nationality legislative practice. Before the formal introduction of "Qing nationality Ordinance, local officials and envoys to deal with the nationality problem, signed" the Burlingame treaty between the United States and China in 1868 > main basis, but the actual result is not ideal. The reason lies in the lack of a Chinese nationality law. The main contents of the the part includes four aspects namely "Qing nationality Regulations > making process, contents, implementation and its impact on the nationality law.
The conclusion, on the basis of the summary of the full text, expounds the author's understanding of the legal issues of the nationality of the late Qing Dynasty.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D929

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 袁丁;《大清國籍條例》:中國第一部國籍法的產(chǎn)生[J];八桂僑刊;1992年04期

2 蔡曉榮;晚清內(nèi)地華民改籍問題探微[J];甘肅社會科學(xué);2004年04期

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本文編號：1643164