本文選題：法律變遷　切入點(diǎn)：社會(huì)形態(tài)　出處：《西北師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)代中國(guó)社會(huì)正處于歷史轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期,制度變遷尤其是法律變遷成為鮮明的時(shí)代特色。法律變遷是一個(gè)整體性的概念,包括法律在概念、規(guī)則、原則、體系結(jié)構(gòu)和制度等現(xiàn)象層面以及在價(jià)值理念、精神等本質(zhì)層面上的變化。而社會(huì)的轉(zhuǎn)變出現(xiàn)了一種從社會(huì)的角度并且進(jìn)一步從社會(huì)學(xué)角度看待、分析法律的傾向。由此,關(guān)注法社會(huì)學(xué)研究的重要課題法律與社會(huì)之間的關(guān)系與相互作用將變得十分重要,不僅有助于探究法律變遷的一些規(guī)律,更對(duì)我國(guó)的法治建設(shè)有重大指導(dǎo)意義。 在諸多法社會(huì)學(xué)著作中,昂格爾的《現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中的法律》得到了國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者廣泛而深刻地研讀。他之所以被法學(xué)界公認(rèn)為批判法律研究運(yùn)動(dòng)的領(lǐng)袖人物,在于對(duì)西方自由主義法律傳統(tǒng)的批判,并主張自由主義法治只是虛假的神話;而我國(guó)的大多數(shù)學(xué)者同樣致力于研究他的批判法治思想以及對(duì)中國(guó)法治建設(shè)的借鑒價(jià)值,但是對(duì)于其法律變遷理論的研究涉及很少。本文整理出了隱藏在該著作中的昂格爾法律變遷理論,提出法律變遷過程的一般理論從部落社會(huì)的習(xí)慣法發(fā)展為貴族社會(huì)的官僚法,進(jìn)而轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樽杂芍髁x社會(huì)的法律秩序,再發(fā)展到當(dāng)今后自由主義社會(huì)法律秩序的解體;側(cè)重從社會(huì)組織和社會(huì)意識(shí)相互影響的視角探析相應(yīng)的法律特征;涉及到昂格爾對(duì)法律概念、法律類型的模式、法律評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、法治的獨(dú)特理解。 本文分為五章,總共四萬(wàn)字。 第一章是論文的引言,簡(jiǎn)單介紹了本文之所以選擇研究昂格爾法律變遷理論的背景、意義,以及目前為止國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)昂格爾思想研究的現(xiàn)狀與本文的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)。 第二章介紹昂格爾法律變遷理論的產(chǎn)生問題,這部分內(nèi)容是為進(jìn)一步闡述論文的主體部分做鋪設(shè)。理論是特定時(shí)代的產(chǎn)物,昂格爾的法律變遷理論作為昂格爾思想的組成部分與美國(guó)批判法學(xué)產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)背景是分不開的。再加上昂格爾自身的經(jīng)歷使他對(duì)巴西和美國(guó)的自由主義社會(huì)有著深刻地思考,可以說,他的理論是對(duì)自由主義社會(huì)的深刻透析。同時(shí),他的理論有兩個(gè)重要的思想淵源:馬克斯·韋伯的法律思想;美國(guó)土生土長(zhǎng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義法學(xué)。 第三章是論文的主體部分,介紹昂格爾法律變遷理論的核心觀點(diǎn)。昂格爾的法律變遷理論立足于四個(gè)理論預(yù)設(shè):社會(huì)批判理論、社會(huì)形態(tài)與法律類型、比較法律文化理論、法律的多元性。進(jìn)而,他根據(jù)世界范圍內(nèi)法律制度發(fā)展的趨勢(shì),提出法律變遷的過程:部落社會(huì)的習(xí)慣法→貴族社會(huì)的官僚法→自由主義社會(huì)的法律秩序→后自由主義社會(huì)的法治解體。這一變遷的過程展現(xiàn)了各種社會(huì)形態(tài)下對(duì)法律所要求的方式。并且,昂格爾強(qiáng)調(diào)法律是對(duì)人類社會(huì)不同歷史階段社會(huì)秩序危機(jī)的回應(yīng),法律與社會(huì)之間是互動(dòng)的。最后落腳于論證自由主義的法治會(huì)隨著資本主義社會(huì)形態(tài)的變化而發(fā)生本質(zhì)的改變,即法治的解體。 第四章是對(duì)論文主體部分的補(bǔ)充,比較昂格爾法律變遷理論與相關(guān)的法律發(fā)展理論,從而進(jìn)一步深刻理解昂格爾法律變遷理論的價(jià)值。首先是韋伯、龐德、伯克利學(xué)派的法律發(fā)展理論與昂格爾法律變遷理論的比較,涉及到法律概念、法律類型的模式、法律變遷的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、法治四個(gè)方面的比較。其次是對(duì)馬克思的法律發(fā)展理論與昂格爾法律變遷理論的比較。 第五章是理論結(jié)合實(shí)踐部分,對(duì)昂格爾的法律變遷理論進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)并分析對(duì)中國(guó)法治建設(shè)的借鑒之處。評(píng)價(jià)部分包括兩方面,一個(gè)方面是對(duì)昂格爾法律變遷理論的學(xué)術(shù)貢獻(xiàn)作分析,另一方面是對(duì)昂格爾的法律變遷理論所遇到的理論困境作分析。其次根據(jù)昂格爾法律變遷理論分析、反思中國(guó)的法治建設(shè)。
[Abstract]:Chinese contemporary society is in transformation period, especially the legal system changes change to become distinctive character. The legal vicissitude is a holistic concept, including the concept of law, rules, principles, system structure and system level phenomena and changes in the value idea, the spirit essence of the social transformation. There is a from the Perspective of society and further from a sociological perspective, tendency analysis of law. Thus, the relationship between the concern of Sociology of law is an important topic of law and society and interaction will become ten important points, not only helps to explore some rules of the law change, but the rule of law in China is of great significance.
Sociology of law in many works in the modern society, the law > Unger "has been widespread and profound scholars to study. He was the reason why the law recognized as the critical legal studies movement leader, is a critique of the tradition of western liberalism law, liberalism and the rule of law is only a false myth; most scholars in China also committed to criticism of his legal thoughts and legal construction of China reference value, but for the theoretical study of the legal changes rarely involved. This paper summarizes the theory to change the law Unger hidden in the works, put forward the general theories of the law in the process of changing from the development of customary law in tribal society bureaucratic method for the aristocracy, and then change the legal order as a liberal society, the disintegration of further development to the post liberal social and legal order; focus on From the perspective of interaction between social organizations and social consciousness, we analyze the corresponding legal characteristics. It involves Unger's unique understanding of the concept of law, the type of law, the standard of legal evaluation, and the rule of law.
This article is divided into five chapters, with a total of forty thousand words.
The first chapter is the introduction of the paper. It simply introduces the background and significance of choosing the study of ang Geer's theory of legal change, and the current situation and the key points and difficulties in the study of ang Geer thought at home and abroad.
The second chapter introduces the problems of legal changes Unger theory, this part is laying as the main part of this paper is further elaborated. The theory is the result of a specific era, the theory of legal changes Unger Unger as part of the thought of the United States criticized the social background of law are inseparable. Plus ang koal own experience makes him a liberal society of Brazil and the United States have deep thoughts, it can be said that his theory is profound dialysis of liberal society. At the same time, his theory has two important ideological origins: the legal thought of Ma Kors Webb; legal realism was born in the United States.
The third chapter is the main part of the thesis, the core point to change the law Unger theory. The theory of legal changes Unger based on the four default theory: social criticism theory, social and legal types, theory of comparative legal culture, legal pluralism. Furthermore, he according to the development of the legal system in the world trend. This process of legal change: tribal society, customary law, aristocratic society, bureaucratic law liberal social legal order and liberal rule of law and social disintegration. This process shows the way the legal demand of various social forms. Moreover, Unger stressed that the law is on the order of different social history stage of human society's response to the crisis, is the interaction between law and society. And finally settled on the proof of liberalism of the rule of law will change with the form of capitalist society and the. The change of quality is the disintegration of the rule of law.
The fourth chapter is the supplement to the main part of the thesis, the theory of legal changes and comparison of ang Siegel related legal development theory, so as to further understand the law Unger change theory value. The first is Webb, Pound, comparative theory of legal theory of development and change of the Berkeley School of law Anggeerfa, relates to the legal concept, legal patterns the law, change the evaluation criteria, four aspects of the rule of law. The second is the comparison of Marx's legal theory of development and change the law Unger theory.
The fifth chapter is the combination of theory and practice, the theory of legal changes on Unger's evaluation and analysis of Chinese law construction for reference. The evaluation includes two aspects, one aspect is the analysis of academic contribution to change the law Unger theory, on the other hand is the theoretical difficulties of Unger's theory of legal change for analysis. According to the analysis of Unger law vicissitude theory, the reflection of the rule of law construction Chinese.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D90

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