本文選題：領(lǐng)事裁判權(quán)　切入點(diǎn)：清末法制改革　出處：《青島大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：中西方法律制度自古存在差距,西方的法律制度私法關(guān)系比較發(fā)達(dá)；而中國一直以來都是刑法制度占主導(dǎo)。進(jìn)入到17世紀(jì),西方爆發(fā)資產(chǎn)階級革命,資產(chǎn)階級掌握了國家政權(quán),確立了資產(chǎn)階級法律制度。而此時的中國,在清政府閉關(guān)鎖國的政策影響下,沒有跟上世界工業(yè)革命的步伐,仍是農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì),在此基礎(chǔ)上的依舊是封建的法律制度。 1840年的鴉片戰(zhàn)爭中清朝失敗,西方國家為了進(jìn)一步謀取更大的利益,便以中國的法律制度殘酷落后為理由趁機(jī)攫取了對華的領(lǐng)事裁判權(quán)(也稱治外法權(quán))。當(dāng)時的國人將這一制度看成是莫大的恥辱,而造成這一恥辱的原因就在于法律的落后。為此,當(dāng)時的中國人為奪回利權(quán)而不斷進(jìn)行努力。清政府為收回利權(quán),以通行中外為宗旨,采用西方先進(jìn)的法律原則,用十年的時間,硬生生地將延續(xù)了幾千年的封建法律制度打造成了資本主義法律制度。盡管實(shí)施過程中不盡如此,但是至少在法律條文上看起來是這樣的。雖然西方列強(qiáng)攫取領(lǐng)事裁判權(quán)的主觀目的是為其侵略中國鋪平道路,但是,主觀目的和客觀結(jié)果往往都是不一致的。暫且不論領(lǐng)事裁判權(quán)對中國主權(quán)的損害,而是單純從法律制度的角度來看的話,清政府以收回這一利權(quán)為目的而進(jìn)行的為期十年的法制改革,確實(shí)是在客觀上推動了中國法律向近代化的巨大轉(zhuǎn)變,在一定程度上推動了中國的法制文明。
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, there has been a gap between Chinese and Western legal systems, and the western legal systems and private law relations have been relatively developed, while China has always been dominated by the criminal law system. In 17th century, the bourgeois revolution broke out in the West, and the bourgeoisie took over the state power. The bourgeois legal system was established, and at this time, under the influence of the policy of the Qing government to close the door to the outside world, the Chinese government did not keep up with the pace of the world industrial revolution and was still an agricultural economy, on the basis of which it was still a feudal legal system. In 1840, the Qing Dynasty failed in the Opium War. They took advantage of the opportunity to seize consular jurisdiction (also known as extraterritorial jurisdiction) on the grounds that China's legal system was brutally backward. At that time, the Chinese people regarded the system as a great disgrace. The reason for this disgrace lies in the backwardness of the law. For this reason, the Chinese people at that time made continuous efforts to retake the right of interest. In order to recover the right of interest, the Qing government aimed to pass through China and foreign countries, and adopted advanced western legal principles. In ten years, the feudal legal system, which had lasted for thousands of years, was firmly forged into a capitalist legal system, although it was not the case in the course of its implementation. But at least this seems to be the law. Although the subjective purpose of Western powers in seizing consular jurisdiction is to pave the way for their aggression against China, Subjective purposes and objective results are often inconsistent. For the time being, regardless of the damage to China's sovereignty caused by consular jurisdiction, but simply from the point of view of the legal system, The legal reform carried out by the Qing government in order to recover this right of interest for a period of ten years really promoted the great transformation of Chinese law to modernization objectively and to some extent promoted the legal system civilization of China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D929

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本文編號：1557335