本文關(guān)鍵詞： 《唐律疏議》 贓罪 以法治吏 法律文化精神　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：貪污受賄罪是國家工作人員實施的一類比較嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟犯罪,它不僅嚴(yán)重侵害了公共財產(chǎn)的所有權(quán),并且極大的敗壞了國家工作人員的聲譽,損害了黨和政府在人民心目中的威信,因而具有嚴(yán)重的社會危害性。官員犯贓罪的問題從古至今一直成為社會眾多痼疾中最為嚴(yán)重和極具社會危害性的一個,我們很難從根本上消滅這個現(xiàn)象。 在等級森嚴(yán)的封建社會中,在權(quán)勢和金錢等各種利益的誘逼之下,古代官吏對于不斷增長的社會財富,始終心懷貪婪,因為封建社會的私有制促使人們盡可能把利益歸于自己的手中。從各種史料中,我們也不難看出,歷朝歷代的統(tǒng)治者都希望通過自己的努力來改變這個社會頑疾,維護自己的統(tǒng)治地位,使國家機器正常運作,就需要另一個權(quán)力的平臺,那就是對于官僚隊伍的建設(shè)。在唐代初期,統(tǒng)治者深刻認(rèn)識和剖析了隋朝貪污賄賂成風(fēng),從而導(dǎo)致王朝迅速滅亡的結(jié)果,所以,他們非常重視對官吏的治理,《武德律》和《貞觀律》都規(guī)定了有關(guān)對官吏貪污賄賂犯罪的處罰,在唐高宗即位時,吸收了前人的經(jīng)驗和教訓(xùn),制成了中華法系的極大成者《唐律疏議》,共12篇,30卷,502條,近300條是有關(guān)官吏職務(wù)犯罪的內(nèi)容,其中屬于官吏犯贓罪的經(jīng)濟條款有30條左右,這些立法思想主要集中在《名例律》和《職制律》,對于“六贓罪”的首創(chuàng),具有非常鮮明的特色,法條極其嚴(yán)苛,從各個方面杜絕了嚴(yán)防官吏貪污腐敗的發(fā)生,這樣的立法方式,對于緩和階級矛盾,提高法律的效能,并且促進了社會的繁榮發(fā)展。作為對官吏犯贓罪的平衡杠桿,唐律起到了一個支撐和監(jiān)督的作用,正如美國著名法學(xué)家博登海默曾說：“只要法律統(tǒng)治存在著,自由行使手中的權(quán)力就會受到規(guī)范的阻隔,統(tǒng)治者的行為方式也存在約束。”唐律在從嚴(yán)整治吏的思想指導(dǎo)下制定的一整套刑法原則和刑法制度。雖然這種法律精神不能與當(dāng)時封建社會的性質(zhì)相分離,但是這部法律對于后世的影響是難以估量的,直到現(xiàn)在,對于我們一直關(guān)注的政府官員的廉政建設(shè)仍具有非凡的借鑒作用。 這篇論文我開篇將從《唐律疏議》中關(guān)于官吏所犯的四種贓罪開始分析,把這個問題作為一個切入點,研究唐律對官吏貪污犯罪的懲治思想,這第一部分會分成四個點來談,也就是唐律中所規(guī)定的四種贓罪：受財枉法罪,受財不枉法罪,受所監(jiān)臨財物罪和坐贓罪,在受財枉法罪和受所監(jiān)臨財物罪以及坐贓罪中,還通過了“以,準(zhǔn)”字例的研究方法來具體分析這三個重要的罪名,并且每一個罪名都會通過一些實際的案例來研究,為論文的最后留下伏筆。接著,第二個部分會談到唐代懲治貪官的法律特點,通過對其量刑情節(jié)的研究,為文章的結(jié)尾做鋪墊,在這個部分中又分成人,物和犯罪的主觀方面這三個點講,人分為監(jiān)臨官與非監(jiān)臨官,食祿者與無祿者,供己吏員與非供己吏員,首犯與從犯,在任官與離任官,而物這個方面就談贓物的范圍,贓物的入己與入官的區(qū)別和退贓的情況的處罰問題,在主觀意識這個點談區(qū)分收受和索取這兩個方面的內(nèi)容,通過這樣的一個量刑情節(jié)的研究,更加能看出唐律的法律文化精神所在,所以整篇文章的前兩個大部分就是逐層遞進的來引出文章的最后的一個部分,分析形成唐律這樣的一個法律思想的原因所在,并分析其法律文化精神,通過分析唐律的文化精神,并把這種精神應(yīng)用到當(dāng)時的司法實踐過程中去,通過這樣的手段理解唐代法律生活,深刻剖析唐律治官之法的文化精神。 在中國五千年的歷史長河中,廉政建設(shè)始終是歷朝歷代統(tǒng)治者一直不懈努力追求的精神所在,但是,對于私有制體系下的等級森嚴(yán)的封建社會,是不可能真正實現(xiàn)的。它的短暫出現(xiàn)也是在統(tǒng)治者剛剛建立起政權(quán)時,以維護和鞏固自己的地位為目的。但是,可以說,無論是怎樣的一個社會和政權(quán)都有著對廉政建設(shè)的強烈訴求。
[Abstract]:Bribery crime is a kind of implementation of the national staff of serious economic crime, it is not only a serious violation of the ownership of public property, and greatly tarnished the reputation of the national staff, damage to the party and the government prestige in the minds of the people, which has serious social harmfulness. Officials guilty of crime of bribery problem since ancient times has become many social ills in the one of the most serious and harmful to society, it is difficult to eliminate this phenomenon fundamentally.
In the hierarchy of the feudal society, under the various interests of power and money Youbi, ancient officials for the growing wealth of society, always be greedy, because private ownership of feudal society to encourage people to benefit their own hands as much as possible. From the historical data, we are not difficult to see, the rulers of dynasties hope that through their own efforts to change the social ills, maintain their dominant position, so that the normal operation of the state machinery, we need another power platform, that is the construction of the bureaucracy. In the early Tang Dynasty, the rulers of profound understanding and analysis of the corruption of the Sui Dynasty, which led to the collapse of the Dynasty so, they attach great importance to the governance of the officials, "martial law" and "law" the relevant provisions of the Zhenguan are officials of corruption and bribery cases in punishment, Tang Gao ascended the throne, absorbed Previous experience and lessons, made the Chinese legal system greatly as "tanglvshuyi", a total of 12, Volume 30, 502, 300 is related to the content of official duty crime, which belongs to the economic terms of officials guilty of crime of bribery has 30 or so, these thoughts are mainly concentrated in the name of "cases law > and < >" jobs for the first law, the six crime of bribery ", has very distinct characteristics, the law is extremely tough, from all aspects to prevent the occurrence of official corruption, such legislation mode, to ease the class contradictions, improve the legal effectiveness, and promote the prosperity and development of the society. As for balance lever officials guilty of crime of bribery, Tang played a supporting role and supervision, as the famous American jurist Bodenheimer said:" as long as there is the rule of law, free exercise of powers under the rules of the barrier, the ruler's behavior There is a constraint. A set of principles of criminal law and criminal law system of Tang in the strict regulation under the guidance of the officials. Although the nature of the spirit of the law and not feudal social separation, but the law is difficult to estimate the impact for the later generations until now, still have special reference to the construction of a clean government officials we have been concerned about.
This thesis begins from the I < Tanglushuyi four > on the official crime of bribery committed to analysis the problem as a starting point, the study of official corruption crime punishment thought, the first part will be divided into four points, four kinds of crime of bribery is the Tang Dynasty rules: by the financial pervert crime, not by the financial supervision by the crime law, property crime and crime of pecuniary malfeasance by the financial pervert, in crime and by supervising property crime and pecuniary malfeasance crime, but also by the "research method, quasi word cases to analyze the three important charges. And each one counts will come through some of the actual case, to finally leave room. Then, the second part talks to the Tang Dynasty legal characteristics of punishing corrupt officials, through the study of the sentencing, in order to pave the way for the end of the article, in this part is divided into adults, and the main crime The view of the three points, were divided into the chief executive and chief executive, food Paul and Paul, for their official and non official for oneself, and criminals accomplice, incumbent officer and outgoing officer, but this aspect is about the scope of punishment of stolen goods, stolen goods into oneself with the officer and the return of difference, in the subjective consciousness of accepting and obtain distinguish these two aspects, through the study of such a sentencing, more can see Tang's legal culture spirit, so the first two is the most progressive to lead a the last part of the article, the reasons for the formation of Tang Dynasty a legal thought this place, and analyzes its legal culture spirit, through the analysis of cultural spirit and the spirit of the Tang Dynasty, when applied to the judicial practice in the process, through such means to understand the law of Tang Dynasty The cultural spirit of life, a profound analysis of Tang official governing law.
In Chinese five thousand years of history, the construction has always been the rulers of various dynasties have been relentless pursuit of the spirit, but for private ownership under the hierarchical system of feudal society, it is impossible to achieve. It also appears briefly in the ruler had just established a regime, in order to maintain and consolidate their position for the purpose. However, it can be said that it is a social and political power to have a strong demand for construction of a clean government.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D929

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