本文關(guān)鍵詞：治理“妨害”:晚清上海工部局市政管理的演進(jìn)　出處：《近代史研究》2014年01期 　論文類型：期刊論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 妨害 工部局 公共租界 公共衛(wèi)生 晚清上海

【摘要】：19世紀(jì)中葉,英國(guó)政府為了處理各類城市環(huán)境污染,借用普通法傳統(tǒng)中的"妨害"概念制訂了《妨害消除法》,以解決公共衛(wèi)生問題。工部局在管理上海租界時(shí),借鑒了英國(guó)的《妨害消除法》修訂《土地章程》及其附律,并根據(jù)上海華洋雜處的特殊情況做出了相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。工部局通過妨害治理立法、行政制度設(shè)計(jì)和司法懲誡,基本滿足了城市發(fā)展過程中對(duì)維護(hù)公共衛(wèi)生和公共秩序的需要。在妨害治理的實(shí)踐過程中,工部局的行政制度逐步完善,最終在19世紀(jì)末分化出近代意義上的公共衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)。妨害治理為了維護(hù)西方"文明觀"和公共行為規(guī)范,對(duì)租界華人居民進(jìn)行規(guī)訓(xùn),強(qiáng)迫其改變生活方式,也在一定程度上反映了租界中華洋居民不平等的權(quán)力關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:In the middle of 19th century, the British Government, in order to deal with various types of urban environmental pollution, borrowed the concept of "nuisance" from the common law tradition and enacted the nuisance Elimination Act. In order to solve the public health problems, the Ministry of Industry in the management of Shanghai concession, draw on the United Kingdom's "nuisance Elimination Law" to amend the articles of association and the attached laws. According to the special situation of Shanghai Huayang complex, the Ministry of Industry adopted the legislation of obstruction, the design of administrative system and the judicial punishment and admonition. It basically meets the needs of maintaining public health and public order in the process of urban development. In the practice of obstruction of governance, the administrative system of the Ministry of Industry has been gradually improved. Finally in the end of 19th century, the public health institutions in the modern sense were divided. In order to maintain the western "civilization" and the public behavior norms, the Chinese residents in concessions were disciplined and forced to change their way of life. To some extent, it also reflects the unequal power relationship of the Chinese foreign residents in the concession.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院近代史研究所;
【分類號(hào)】：K252;D929
【正文快照】： 以往對(duì)近代上海市政管理的研究往往強(qiáng)調(diào)工部局從西方引入先進(jìn)的制度和技術(shù),并在上海卓有成效地實(shí)施,為上海成為繁華的國(guó)際性大都會(huì)奠定了物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),例如下水道和自來(lái)水系統(tǒng)的興建、糞穢和垃圾的采集和處理、防疫措施等。?但這些研究往往是以現(xiàn)在的觀念為參照系向前追溯,就好像

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