【摘要】：《義務(wù)教育語文課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(2011年版)在實施建議中的關(guān)于識字、寫字與漢語拼音教學(xué)中指出“識字、寫字是閱讀和寫作的基礎(chǔ),是第一學(xué)段的教學(xué)重點,也是貫穿整個義務(wù)教育階段的重要教學(xué)內(nèi)容。漢字教學(xué)是語文教學(xué)的起點和基礎(chǔ),通常在傳統(tǒng)觀念中漢字教學(xué)應(yīng)該是小學(xué)階段語文教學(xué)的重點任務(wù),初中階段不太重視。但是,如果漢字教學(xué)不僅僅是讓學(xué)生能夠認(rèn)讀漢字,并且還要讓學(xué)生多方面的了解生字詞“精于訓(xùn)詁”明白漢字所蘊含的意義及文化意蘊,這個任務(wù)就不是小學(xué)教學(xué)階段可以承擔(dān)完成的。因此,初中階段的漢字教學(xué)依然重要。經(jīng)過對初中生進行調(diào)查問卷和對一些初中一線語文教師的訪談發(fā)現(xiàn),初中生在現(xiàn)代文漢字的學(xué)習(xí)過程中存在對漢字的字音字形字義掌握不牢固、漢字學(xué)習(xí)方法單一、漢字書寫不工整規(guī)范、不了解相關(guān)漢字文化等問題。教師在進行現(xiàn)代文漢字教學(xué)時也出現(xiàn)了缺少漢字示范性板書和進行漢字文化講解等漢字教學(xué)過程方面的問題。通過對這些問題進行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)了導(dǎo)致這些問題出現(xiàn)的原因:師生的教學(xué)方法與觀念存在偏誤、現(xiàn)代漢字本身所具有的繁難性質(zhì)、學(xué)生不良的書寫習(xí)慣以及社會生活中存在漢字的錯誤誘導(dǎo)現(xiàn)象。針對這些問題和導(dǎo)致這些問題存在的一些深層次的原因,本文提出了一些現(xiàn)代文漢字教學(xué)策略。首先,運用漢語認(rèn)知規(guī)律對現(xiàn)代文漢字進行全方位教學(xué),通過對漢字進行部件分析、分析詞性和意義、建立音義聯(lián)系、鼓勵學(xué)生進行漢字的自主拓展學(xué)習(xí)等方法來進行現(xiàn)代文漢字字形、字音、字義的教學(xué)。其次,運用計算機輔助漢字筆順教學(xué)和在田字格中進行書寫示范等多種教學(xué)方法規(guī)范學(xué)生的漢字書寫,通過開設(shè)漢字文化專題課、選修課或者隨文教學(xué)的方式對學(xué)生進行漢字文化講解。最后,可以綜合利用漢字聽寫比賽等輔助性教學(xué)方法來激發(fā)學(xué)生對現(xiàn)代文漢字學(xué)習(xí)的興趣。
[Abstract]:The Chinese Curriculum Standards for compulsory Education (2011 Edition) in the implementation of the recommendations on literacy, writing and Chinese pinyin teaching pointed out that "Literacy, writing is the basis of reading and writing, is the teaching focus of the first paragraph," It is also an important teaching content that runs through the whole compulsory education stage. The teaching of Chinese characters is the starting point and foundation of Chinese teaching. Usually, the teaching of Chinese characters should be the key task of Chinese teaching in primary school, but it should not be paid much attention to in junior middle school. However, if the teaching of Chinese characters is not only to enable students to read Chinese characters, but also to make them understand the meaning and cultural implication of Chinese characters in many aspects, the new word "excellent in exegesis" is used to understand the meaning and cultural implication of Chinese characters. This task is not the primary school teaching stage can undertake to complete. Therefore, the teaching of Chinese characters in junior high school is still important. Through the survey of junior middle school students and interviews with some Chinese teachers in junior middle school, it is found that in the course of learning modern Chinese characters, junior high school students do not have a firm grasp of the phonological meaning of Chinese characters, and the learning methods of Chinese characters are single. Chinese characters writing is not standard, do not understand the culture of Chinese characters and other issues. In the teaching of modern Chinese characters, there are some problems in the teaching of Chinese characters, such as the lack of Chinese character demonstration board and the explanation of Chinese characters culture. Through the analysis of these problems, the causes of these problems are found: the teachers and students' teaching methods and concepts are biased, and the complicated nature of modern Chinese characters themselves is found. The students' bad writing habits and the wrong induction of Chinese characters exist in social life. In view of these problems and some deep-seated reasons leading to these problems, this paper puts forward some teaching strategies of modern Chinese characters. First of all, using the Chinese cognitive law to carry on the all-round teaching to the modern text Chinese character, through carries on the component analysis to the Chinese character, analyzes the part of speech and the meaning, establishes the sound meaning connection, Encourage the students to carry on the Chinese character independent expansion study and so on to carry on the modern text Chinese character shape, the character pronunciation, the character meaning teaching. Secondly, various teaching methods, such as computer-aided teaching of Chinese characters and demonstration of writing in Tian style, are used to standardize students' writing of Chinese characters, and special courses on Chinese characters culture are offered. Elective courses or text-based teaching methods to explain the culture of Chinese characters to the students. Finally, the auxiliary teaching methods such as Chinese character dictation competition can be used to stimulate students' interest in learning modern Chinese characters.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G633.3

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