從學生體質下降審視義務教育階段學校體育目標定位及實施路徑
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-26 09:51
【摘要】：目前,我國學生體質呈下降狀態(tài),雖然近幾年下降趨勢趨于平緩甚至略有回升,但是整體仍處于不良狀態(tài)。學生是國家未來的希望,改善學生體質問題刻不容緩。學校體育是改善學生體質的主要方式,而學校體育目標是學校體育各項工作的出發(fā)點,也是評價學校體育工作質量的準繩,我們不得不對目前學校體育的教育現(xiàn)狀存在質疑。本文通過了解學校體育目標相關理論,采用文獻資料、座談訪問、問卷調查等方法,對目前學生體質下降背景下學校體育目標進行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)目前我國學生體質狀況改善程度較小,仍然令人擔憂,同時從家庭、社會、學校三個方面分析了影響學生體質狀況的原因,重點突出學校體育的影響并引出學校體育目標的不完善,然后對現(xiàn)行學校體育目標進行介紹,使之對當前學生體質和學校體育目標情況有個初步的了解。針對煙臺市義務教育階段學校體育目標的現(xiàn)狀進行深入調查,結果表明:在客觀現(xiàn)狀方面,大部分學校遵循的是國家統(tǒng)一制定的目標,教師對該學校使用的學校體育目標在內容理解上表示一般,基本能理解,大部分教師認為其內容在銜接上比較合理,但有相當一部分教師認為不合理;學校對于體育鍛煉比較重視但相較與文化課其重視程度明顯不足;體育課開課情況在開課數(shù)量上比較豐富,但學校依舊普遍存在體育課被擠占現(xiàn)象;場地器材基本完備,基本能滿足體育課以及其他體育活動的需求但是存在不足缺乏現(xiàn)象,場地器材的規(guī)格較適合學生,但質量存在陳舊老化現(xiàn)象較多。在體育與健康課程目標方面,中小學生對于體育課的態(tài)度還是呈喜歡態(tài)度的,只是隨著年齡的增長喜歡比例逐漸降低;絕大部分教師認為通過體育課可以提高學生的體能;體育課上學生基本能夠掌握所學技能;學校體育考核方式主要以期末考試為主。學校課外體育活動開展方面,學校內的課外體育活動的開展情況比較豐富;大部分教師認為所在學校比較倡導校外體育活動,但學生實際活動情況卻不理想。通過調查發(fā)現(xiàn)煙臺市義務教育階段學校體育目標存在問題與影響因素有理論概念模糊、學校重視程度不夠、目標與教學出現(xiàn)偏差、物質條件不充足、師資力量缺乏、評價方式單一、課外體育活動不足等。為增強學生體質,對義務教育階段學校體育目標提出新的定位,要求理論表述規(guī)范、突出重點、與實際相結合。在此基礎上,提出優(yōu)化煙臺市義務教育階段學校體育新目標的實現(xiàn)途徑,建議提高重視程度、增強師資隊伍、因地制宜、多元化評價、增加課外體育活動。本文旨在豐富學校體育目標的理論研究,為煙臺市義務教育階段學校體育目標的定位和實施提供參考借鑒。
[Abstract]:At present, the physique of students in our country is in a state of decline, although the downward trend tends to be gentle or even a little rise in recent years, but the whole is still in a bad state. Students are the hope of the future of our country. It is urgent to improve the students'physique. School physical education is the main way to improve students' physique, and the goal of school physical education is the starting point of school physical education and the criterion of evaluating the quality of school sports work. We have to question the present situation of school physical education. In this paper, through understanding the relevant theories of school physical education goals, using the methods of literature, interview, questionnaire and so on, this paper analyzes the school physical education goals under the background of students' physique decline. It is found that the degree of improvement of students' physique in our country is small, which is still worrisome. At the same time, the causes of affecting students' physical condition are analyzed from three aspects: family, society and school. This paper emphasizes the influence of school physical education and leads to the imperfection of school physical education goal, then introduces the present school physical education goal, so as to make it have a preliminary understanding of the current students' physique and the school physical education goal. An in-depth investigation was carried out on the present situation of school physical education objectives in the compulsory education stage in Yantai. The results show that, in terms of the objective situation, most of the schools follow the goals formulated by the state in a unified manner. Most teachers think that the content of the school physical education goals used in this school is reasonable in cohesion, but a considerable number of teachers think that it is unreasonable. Schools pay more attention to physical exercise, but compared with cultural classes, the degree of attention is obviously insufficient; the opening of physical education in the number of classes is relatively rich, but there is still a general school physical education class is crowded phenomenon; The site equipment is basically complete and can basically meet the needs of physical education and other sports activities, but there are insufficient and lacking phenomena. The specifications of the site equipment are more suitable for the students, but the quality has a lot of obsolete and aging phenomenon. In the aspect of physical education and health curriculum goal, primary and middle school students' attitude towards physical education is still like attitude, but with the increase of age, the proportion of students' liking decreases gradually, most teachers think that the physical ability of students can be improved through physical education. Physical education students can master the basic skills, school physical examination mainly to the final examination. In the development of extracurricular sports activities in schools, the development of extracurricular sports activities in schools is relatively rich; most teachers think that their schools advocate sports activities outside school, but the actual activities of students are not ideal. Through the investigation, it is found that there are some problems and influencing factors in Yantai compulsory education stage, such as fuzzy theory and concept, insufficient attention to school, deviation between goal and teaching, insufficient material conditions and lack of teachers. The evaluation method is single, the extracurricular sports activity is insufficient and so on. In order to strengthen students' physique, this paper puts forward a new orientation to the goal of school physical education in the stage of compulsory education, which requires the theoretical expression to be standardized, the emphases to be emphasized, and the practice to be combined. On this basis, the paper puts forward the ways to optimize the new goal of school physical education in the compulsory education stage of Yantai city, and suggests to improve the degree of attention, strengthen the teaching staff, take measures according to local conditions, diversify evaluation, and increase extracurricular sports activities. The purpose of this paper is to enrich the theoretical study of school physical education objectives, and to provide reference for the orientation and implementation of school sports objectives in the compulsory education stage of Yantai City.
【學位授予單位】：魯東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G633.96
本文編號：2415370
[Abstract]:At present, the physique of students in our country is in a state of decline, although the downward trend tends to be gentle or even a little rise in recent years, but the whole is still in a bad state. Students are the hope of the future of our country. It is urgent to improve the students'physique. School physical education is the main way to improve students' physique, and the goal of school physical education is the starting point of school physical education and the criterion of evaluating the quality of school sports work. We have to question the present situation of school physical education. In this paper, through understanding the relevant theories of school physical education goals, using the methods of literature, interview, questionnaire and so on, this paper analyzes the school physical education goals under the background of students' physique decline. It is found that the degree of improvement of students' physique in our country is small, which is still worrisome. At the same time, the causes of affecting students' physical condition are analyzed from three aspects: family, society and school. This paper emphasizes the influence of school physical education and leads to the imperfection of school physical education goal, then introduces the present school physical education goal, so as to make it have a preliminary understanding of the current students' physique and the school physical education goal. An in-depth investigation was carried out on the present situation of school physical education objectives in the compulsory education stage in Yantai. The results show that, in terms of the objective situation, most of the schools follow the goals formulated by the state in a unified manner. Most teachers think that the content of the school physical education goals used in this school is reasonable in cohesion, but a considerable number of teachers think that it is unreasonable. Schools pay more attention to physical exercise, but compared with cultural classes, the degree of attention is obviously insufficient; the opening of physical education in the number of classes is relatively rich, but there is still a general school physical education class is crowded phenomenon; The site equipment is basically complete and can basically meet the needs of physical education and other sports activities, but there are insufficient and lacking phenomena. The specifications of the site equipment are more suitable for the students, but the quality has a lot of obsolete and aging phenomenon. In the aspect of physical education and health curriculum goal, primary and middle school students' attitude towards physical education is still like attitude, but with the increase of age, the proportion of students' liking decreases gradually, most teachers think that the physical ability of students can be improved through physical education. Physical education students can master the basic skills, school physical examination mainly to the final examination. In the development of extracurricular sports activities in schools, the development of extracurricular sports activities in schools is relatively rich; most teachers think that their schools advocate sports activities outside school, but the actual activities of students are not ideal. Through the investigation, it is found that there are some problems and influencing factors in Yantai compulsory education stage, such as fuzzy theory and concept, insufficient attention to school, deviation between goal and teaching, insufficient material conditions and lack of teachers. The evaluation method is single, the extracurricular sports activity is insufficient and so on. In order to strengthen students' physique, this paper puts forward a new orientation to the goal of school physical education in the stage of compulsory education, which requires the theoretical expression to be standardized, the emphases to be emphasized, and the practice to be combined. On this basis, the paper puts forward the ways to optimize the new goal of school physical education in the compulsory education stage of Yantai city, and suggests to improve the degree of attention, strengthen the teaching staff, take measures according to local conditions, diversify evaluation, and increase extracurricular sports activities. The purpose of this paper is to enrich the theoretical study of school physical education objectives, and to provide reference for the orientation and implementation of school sports objectives in the compulsory education stage of Yantai City.
【學位授予單位】：魯東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G633.96
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