【摘要】：經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,教育先行。在全球化大背景下,教育改革勢在必行。從古至今,中小學(xué)教育對(duì)于一個(gè)國家乃至整個(gè)世界而言,都是基礎(chǔ)性、全民性和持久性的社會(huì)發(fā)展原動(dòng)力。無論是西方諸國,還是與我們同屬亞洲文化圈的日本,都特別重視中小學(xué)教育的發(fā)展。21世紀(jì)的日本在知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)、中小學(xué)階段學(xué)生學(xué)力不斷下降等背景下,進(jìn)行了義務(wù)教育改革,實(shí)行小初一貫制教育。探究日本小初一貫制教育改革,審視我國九年一貫制教育現(xiàn)狀,是我國義務(wù)教育發(fā)展的不二之選。本文的主要研究方法是文獻(xiàn)研究法、比較研究法、因素分析法和個(gè)案研究法,緒論部分的課題來源、研究目的、研究意義、國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀綜述、研究創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)和重難點(diǎn)以及相關(guān)概念界定等為本研究正文部分的展開奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。正文在對(duì)日本小初一貫制改革的原因進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析的基礎(chǔ)之上,將改革過程大體上分為肇始、推進(jìn)和完善三個(gè)階段,并結(jié)合東京都品川區(qū)、青森縣三戶町等地區(qū)的個(gè)案分析,深入探究日本小初一貫制改革的實(shí)行措施。同時(shí),總結(jié)出了日本小初一貫制改革中課程編制與實(shí)施具有連續(xù)性和階段性、重視學(xué)生身心發(fā)展的差異性、由點(diǎn)到面、由局部到整體的方式推進(jìn)三個(gè)特點(diǎn)。根據(jù)多方調(diào)查與取證,歸納出日本小初一貫制改革取得的成效,如教師和學(xué)生意識(shí)發(fā)生很大變化、有效緩解了“初一鴻溝”現(xiàn)象、大大提升了學(xué)生的學(xué)力水平、適應(yīng)了學(xué)生的身心發(fā)展和緩解了應(yīng)試教育帶來的壓力。同時(shí)指出了改革過程中存在的若干問題,包括教學(xué)內(nèi)容提早化、管理難度增大、財(cái)政問題加劇、教育公平遭到質(zhì)疑以及教師壓力亟待緩解等。最終針對(duì)我國九年一貫制教育改革的發(fā)展概況,得出了合理劃分學(xué)段、課程編制注重整體連貫性、學(xué)生個(gè)體差異性及地方特色、修訂相應(yīng)法律法規(guī)、建立義務(wù)教育學(xué)校示范區(qū)、制定獨(dú)立的學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)綱領(lǐng)等關(guān)鍵啟示,為我國九年一貫制教育發(fā)展提供借鑒。
[Abstract]:Economic development, education first. Under the background of globalization, education reform is imperative. From ancient to present, primary and secondary education is the basic, universal and persistent motive force of social development for a country and even the whole world. Both Western countries and Japan, which is part of the Asian cultural circle, attach particular importance to the development of primary and secondary education. In the context of the knowledge economy and the declining academic ability of students in primary and secondary schools in the 21st century, The reform of compulsory education has been carried out, and primary and secondary education has been implemented. It is the best choice for the development of compulsory education in Japan to probe into the reform of primary education in Japan and to examine the present situation of nine-year system of education in China. The main research methods of this paper are literature research method, comparative research method, factor analysis method and case study method. The innovation points, the important difficulties and the definition of related concepts lay a solid foundation for the development of the main body of this study. On the basis of a detailed analysis of the reasons for the reform of Japan's primary system, the text divides the reform process into three stages: starting, advancing and perfecting, and combining with the case studies of the areas of Pinagawa District, Aomori Prefecture, etc. To probe into the implementation measures of Japan's primary system reform. At the same time, the author summarizes the three characteristics of curriculum establishment and implementation in primary school reform in Japan, which are continuous and phased, pay attention to the difference of students' physical and mental development, from point to face, from part to whole. According to various investigations and evidence, this paper sums up the achievements of Japanese junior high school system reform, such as the great changes in teachers' and students' consciousness, which effectively alleviates the phenomenon of "the gap between the first grade of junior high school" and greatly improves the students' academic ability. It adapts to the students' physical and mental development and relieves the pressure brought by examination-oriented education. At the same time, this paper points out some problems existing in the course of reform, including the advance of teaching content, the increasing difficulty of management, the aggravation of financial problems, the questioning of educational fairness, and the urgent need to alleviate the pressure of teachers, etc. Finally, in view of the general situation of the development of nine-year continuous education reform in China, it is concluded that the school section should be divided reasonably, the curriculum should pay attention to the coherence of the whole, the students' individual differences and local characteristics should be paid attention to, the corresponding laws and regulations should be revised, and the demonstration area of compulsory education schools should be established. The establishment of independent learning guidelines and other key enlightenment for the development of nine-year system of education to provide reference.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G639.313

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