【摘要】：高考是我國選拔人才的一種重要方式,而電磁學(xué)在高考占有較大的比重,所以研究電磁學(xué)相關(guān)知識就很有必要。本文通過分析靜電場和磁場相關(guān)內(nèi)容課程標準要求和教材內(nèi)容以及高考考試大綱要求,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)在物理考高全國卷中此部分的知識的要求較高,出現(xiàn)頻率也很高。通過對帶電粒子在電磁場中運動的典型高考計算的分析,總結(jié)出帶電粒子在電磁場中運動問題設(shè)計的物理知識并不難,一般是帶電粒子在電場中做類平拋運動,在磁場中做圓周運動或部分圓周運動�？墒沁@部分知識往往以壓軸題的形式出現(xiàn),通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn)難點一般出現(xiàn)在利用幾何知識求解粒子運動半徑,需要應(yīng)用到幾何相關(guān)知識,應(yīng)用比較多的數(shù)學(xué)知識有三角函數(shù)關(guān)系(直角三角函數(shù))、圓與直線的關(guān)系、圓與圓的關(guān)系、三角形與圓的關(guān)系等。所以要求學(xué)生有扎實的數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。同時也給學(xué)生提供一種解帶電粒子在電磁場中運動問題的思路,即先大致畫出粒子的運動軌跡,然后利用幾何知識求出需要的物理量。高考題目具有原創(chuàng)性,學(xué)生平時的練習(xí)或測試的過程,試卷中的原創(chuàng)題目較少的話會影響測試的信度。所以要求老師要有命制原創(chuàng)題目的能力。本文嘗試從數(shù)形結(jié)合思想出發(fā),找到一種命制帶電粒子在電磁場中運動問題的思路,希望給物理老師一些啟示。學(xué)生在解題的過程中,需要應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)知識解答電磁場相關(guān)知識。這給老師命題提供了一種思路,在命題的過程中可以將數(shù)形結(jié)合的思想融入到物理試題中。粒子在電磁場中運動的軌跡為幾何圖形,利用幾何證明相關(guān)試題為帶電粒子在電磁場中運動問題的命制提供模型,再根據(jù)模型設(shè)置合適的物理情景,這樣可以進行原創(chuàng)題的命制。命題思路大致如下:(1)選取幾何試題;(2)設(shè)置物理情景,預(yù)設(shè)條件;(3)確定物理問題;(4)修改題目語言表達;(5)試題分析及解答。
[Abstract]:College entrance examination is an important way to select talents in our country, and electromagnetism occupies a large proportion in the college entrance examination, so it is necessary to study the relevant knowledge of electromagnetism. Based on the analysis of the requirements of electrostatic field and magnetic field related courses, the contents of teaching materials and the requirements of the college entrance examination syllabus, the author finds that the knowledge of this part in the physics examination paper is very high, and the frequency of occurrence is also very high. Based on the analysis of the typical college entrance examination calculation of the motion of charged particles in electromagnetic field, it is concluded that it is not difficult to design the physical knowledge of the motion of charged particles in electromagnetic field. Make a circular motion or a partial circular motion in a magnetic field. However, this part of the knowledge often appears in the form of the axial problem. Through the analysis, it is found that the difficult point is to solve the radius of particle motion by using geometric knowledge, which needs to be applied to the relevant knowledge of geometry. The mathematical knowledge used includes trigonometric function (right trigonometric function), circle and straight line, circle and circle, triangle and circle, etc. Therefore, students are required to have a solid mathematical foundation. At the same time, it also provides students with a way to solve the motion of charged particles in electromagnetic fields, that is, to draw the trajectory of particles, and then to use geometric knowledge to find out the required physical quantities. College entrance examination questions have originality, students usually practice or test process, the test paper with less original questions will affect the reliability of the test. So ask the teacher to have the ability to make original questions. This paper attempts to find a way of thinking about the movement of charged particles in electromagnetic field from the combination of numbers and shapes, hoping to give some enlightenment to physics teachers. In the process of solving problems, students need to apply mathematical knowledge to solve electromagnetic related knowledge. This provides the teacher with a way of thinking that the idea of combining numbers and shapes can be incorporated into the physics examination questions in the process of proposition. The trajectory of particle motion in electromagnetic field is geometric figure. Using geometric proof, the paper provides a model for the problem of charged particle moving in electromagnetic field, and then sets the appropriate physical scene according to the model. In this way, the original problem can be ordered. The propositional ideas are as follows: (1) selecting geometric test questions; (2) setting up physical situations, presupposing conditions; (3) determining physical problems; (4) modifying the expression of topic language; (5) analyzing and solving test questions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G633.7

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