初中物理教學生活化的實踐與研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-17 12:13
【摘要】：自2001年7月起,教育部發(fā)布了《全日制義務教育物理課程標準(實驗稿)》和《基礎教育課程改革綱要(試行)》,經(jīng)歷新課改的10年摸索,在對2001年的實驗稿修改與完善的基礎上,在2011年教育部重新出版了《義務教育物理課程標準(2011年版)》�！痘A教育課程改革綱要(試行)》中其中明確指出,要改變過于重視書本而脫離生活實際的情況,要改變編寫的內(nèi)容復雜,難懂的狀況,要扭轉(zhuǎn)課堂實施過程只讓學生死記硬背而不求甚解的情況,要使課程內(nèi)容貼近學生的日常生活,讓學生關(guān)注學科與科技,生產(chǎn)和環(huán)境資源的關(guān)系,鼓勵學生積極參與各種綜合實踐活動。再者,在《義務教育物理課程標準(2011年版)》就明確地強調(diào)了“從生活走向物理,從物理走向社會”的觀點。因此,通過老師將初中物理教學生活化,讓學生對物理學習不再感到束手無策,不僅使得學生在解決生活實際問題的過程當中會運用到物理思維,還使學生掌握了能夠終身學習的物理方法。初中物理教學生活化就是在牢牢把握初中階段學生特點的基礎上,將物理課堂教學置于生活化情境之中,讓學生在熟悉的生活環(huán)境中激發(fā)其學習物理的興趣并獲得物理知識,讓物理從生活中來又回到生活中去。筆者在紹興馬鞍鎮(zhèn)中學實習半年,將八年級學情相似的兩個班級做了一個學期的對比教學,將八年級8班作為對照組進行常規(guī)教學,主要以教師講授和傳統(tǒng)習題訓練為主,將八年級10班作為實驗組進行初中物理教學生活化教學,在學期初和學期末分別進行調(diào)查問卷的前測和后測并獲得相應數(shù)據(jù)進行分析。由于浙江教育出版社出版的八年級上冊科學書,物理部分是第一章第3節(jié)水的浮力和第四章電路探秘。筆者主要以阿基米德原理為例進行教案設計和課堂實錄,也對歐姆定律進行了教案設計,總結(jié)了初中物理教學生活化的一般流程。本篇論文的創(chuàng)新之處就是將初中物理教學生活化的方法與探究活動相結(jié)合去展開教學,這種新的教學方法不僅使任課教師的教育觀念發(fā)生了改變,也激起了學生學習物理的興趣和熱情,增強了學生的創(chuàng)新和動手實踐能力,提高了物理成績。希望筆者對研究初中物理教學生活化的一線教師和研究者有所幫助,也使學生各方面的能力得到培養(yǎng),科學素養(yǎng)大大提高。
[Abstract]:Since July 2001, the Ministry of Education has issued the "Physics Curriculum Standard for Full-time compulsory Education (Experimental draft)" and the "basic Education Curriculum Reform outline (for trial implementation)", which have experienced 10 years of new curriculum reform. On the basis of revising and perfecting the experimental draft of 2001, the Ministry of Education republished the Standard of Physics Curriculum for compulsory Education (2011 Edition) in 2011. It is necessary to change the situation in which too much attention is paid to books and the reality of life, to change the complicated and difficult situation in which the contents are written, and to reverse the situation in which the classroom implementation process only allows students to memorize by rote and not to understand. It is necessary to make the curriculum content close to the daily life of students, to let students pay attention to the relationship between subject and science, technology, production and environmental resources, and to encourage students to actively participate in various comprehensive practical activities. Furthermore, in the Physics Curriculum Standard for compulsory Education (2011 edition), the viewpoint of "from life to physics, from physics to society" is clearly emphasized. Therefore, through the teacher will junior high school physics teaching life, lets the student no longer feel helpless to the physics study, not only causes the student to use the physics thought in the process of solving the actual problem of life. It also enables students to master the physical methods of lifelong learning. On the basis of firmly grasping the characteristics of students in junior middle school, physics teaching in junior high school is put into the situation of life, and students can arouse their interest in learning physics and acquire physics knowledge in the familiar living environment. Let physics come back from life. The author interned in Ma'anzhen Middle School in Shaoxing for half a year. The two classes with similar learning conditions in grade eight were taught in contrast for one semester, and class 8 in grade 8 was used as the control group for routine teaching, which mainly consisted of teaching by teachers and training of traditional exercises. Taking Class 10 of Grade 8 as the experimental group, the physical teaching of junior high school was carried out. The pre-test and post-test of the questionnaire were carried out at the beginning of the semester and the end of the semester, and the corresponding data were obtained for analysis. Due to the first edition of the eighth grade science book published by Zhejiang Education Publishing House, the physics part is the buoyancy of the first chapter, the third water saving force, and the fourth chapter, the circuit exploration. The author mainly takes Archimedes principle as an example to design the teaching plan and the classroom record, also carries on the teaching plan design to the Ohm law, summarizes the general flow of the physics teaching in junior high school. The innovation of this paper is to combine the methods of life and inquiry in physics teaching in junior high school to carry out teaching. This new teaching method not only changes the educational concept of teachers, It also arouses students' interest and enthusiasm in learning physics, enhances students' ability of innovation and hands-on practice, and improves their achievements in physics. It is hoped that the author can help the teachers and researchers who study the life of physics teaching in junior high school, and make the students' ability in all aspects be cultivated, and their scientific literacy be greatly improved.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G633.7
本文編號：2337746
[Abstract]:Since July 2001, the Ministry of Education has issued the "Physics Curriculum Standard for Full-time compulsory Education (Experimental draft)" and the "basic Education Curriculum Reform outline (for trial implementation)", which have experienced 10 years of new curriculum reform. On the basis of revising and perfecting the experimental draft of 2001, the Ministry of Education republished the Standard of Physics Curriculum for compulsory Education (2011 Edition) in 2011. It is necessary to change the situation in which too much attention is paid to books and the reality of life, to change the complicated and difficult situation in which the contents are written, and to reverse the situation in which the classroom implementation process only allows students to memorize by rote and not to understand. It is necessary to make the curriculum content close to the daily life of students, to let students pay attention to the relationship between subject and science, technology, production and environmental resources, and to encourage students to actively participate in various comprehensive practical activities. Furthermore, in the Physics Curriculum Standard for compulsory Education (2011 edition), the viewpoint of "from life to physics, from physics to society" is clearly emphasized. Therefore, through the teacher will junior high school physics teaching life, lets the student no longer feel helpless to the physics study, not only causes the student to use the physics thought in the process of solving the actual problem of life. It also enables students to master the physical methods of lifelong learning. On the basis of firmly grasping the characteristics of students in junior middle school, physics teaching in junior high school is put into the situation of life, and students can arouse their interest in learning physics and acquire physics knowledge in the familiar living environment. Let physics come back from life. The author interned in Ma'anzhen Middle School in Shaoxing for half a year. The two classes with similar learning conditions in grade eight were taught in contrast for one semester, and class 8 in grade 8 was used as the control group for routine teaching, which mainly consisted of teaching by teachers and training of traditional exercises. Taking Class 10 of Grade 8 as the experimental group, the physical teaching of junior high school was carried out. The pre-test and post-test of the questionnaire were carried out at the beginning of the semester and the end of the semester, and the corresponding data were obtained for analysis. Due to the first edition of the eighth grade science book published by Zhejiang Education Publishing House, the physics part is the buoyancy of the first chapter, the third water saving force, and the fourth chapter, the circuit exploration. The author mainly takes Archimedes principle as an example to design the teaching plan and the classroom record, also carries on the teaching plan design to the Ohm law, summarizes the general flow of the physics teaching in junior high school. The innovation of this paper is to combine the methods of life and inquiry in physics teaching in junior high school to carry out teaching. This new teaching method not only changes the educational concept of teachers, It also arouses students' interest and enthusiasm in learning physics, enhances students' ability of innovation and hands-on practice, and improves their achievements in physics. It is hoped that the author can help the teachers and researchers who study the life of physics teaching in junior high school, and make the students' ability in all aspects be cultivated, and their scientific literacy be greatly improved.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G633.7
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