本文選題：初中生 + 思想品德課��； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：思想品德課是一門以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)(政治認(rèn)同、理性精神、法治意識、公共參與)為根本目標(biāo)的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化公民素養(yǎng)教育課。觀察力作為智力的構(gòu)成要素之一,也是公民理性精神、法治意識和公共參與能力的重要體現(xiàn)。學(xué)生通過細(xì)致的觀察獲取第一手資料,觀察活動(dòng)能幫助學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、認(rèn)識問題并提供解決的方案,是一個(gè)探究的過程,這個(gè)過程能提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)熱情。在各門學(xué)科的課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中,都提到了觀察力培養(yǎng)的重要性,所以,對于教育部門以及廣大一線教師而言,努力提升學(xué)生觀察力是一個(gè)亟待解決的問題。本文搜集并整理了與觀察、觀察力培養(yǎng)相關(guān)的國內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)資料,在閱讀分析的基礎(chǔ)上重新歸納了觀察力的內(nèi)涵。首先筆者對觀察、觀察力的內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行了分析,在總結(jié)分析結(jié)果的基上,編制出關(guān)于初中生觀察力現(xiàn)狀的調(diào)查問卷(師生不同卷),通過問卷調(diào)查,初步了解當(dāng)前初中生觀察力的現(xiàn)狀以及存在的不足,并有針對性地分析原因并提出相應(yīng)對策。通過對問卷調(diào)查的數(shù)據(jù)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)多數(shù)學(xué)生對觀察是很感興趣的,但是當(dāng)前學(xué)生的觀察力現(xiàn)狀卻不容樂觀�？偨Y(jié)下來不難發(fā)現(xiàn),初中生觀察力現(xiàn)狀主要存在以下五個(gè)不足:(1)學(xué)生缺乏相關(guān)的學(xué)科基礎(chǔ)知識,不會(huì)使用思想品德課知識來觀察;(2)學(xué)生在觀察活動(dòng)很少制定計(jì)劃,且觀察缺少條理性;(3)學(xué)生在觀察過程中很難主動(dòng)提出問題,嚴(yán)重缺乏主動(dòng)探究問題的意識;(4)觀察過程容易受到不相關(guān)的因素的影響,使得觀察活動(dòng)無法持久進(jìn)行;(5)在觀察過程中,學(xué)生很少邊觀察邊記錄觀察的現(xiàn)象和結(jié)果。依據(jù)實(shí)際的考察結(jié)果,并聯(lián)系國內(nèi)外相關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)資料,筆者對上述不足進(jìn)行了歸因分析,并提出如下對策,以期待改變初中生現(xiàn)有觀察力水平,提升中學(xué)生的觀察能力:一、激發(fā)學(xué)生觀察興趣,例如(1)開展社會(huì)調(diào)查增強(qiáng)學(xué)生對社會(huì)的關(guān)注度;(2)通過校園論壇等形式幫助學(xué)生獲取社會(huì)信息;(3)通過“時(shí)政五分鐘演講”等形式使學(xué)生主動(dòng)觀察社會(huì);二、教給學(xué)生科學(xué)觀察方法,例如(1)利用思想品德課知識教會(huì)學(xué)生分析社會(huì)現(xiàn)象;(2)明確觀察的細(xì)節(jié);三、利用社會(huì)實(shí)踐等形式鍛煉學(xué)生觀察能力;例如(1)開展“爭做志愿者”活動(dòng);(2)布置開放性假期作業(yè);(3)讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行職業(yè)體驗(yàn)。本文旨在通過問卷調(diào)查了解蘇北地區(qū)農(nóng)村中學(xué)學(xué)生觀察力發(fā)展中所存在的問題與不足,使廣大一線教師認(rèn)識到觀察力在學(xué)習(xí)中的重要作用,分析原因有針對性地提出切實(shí)可行的對策。
[Abstract]:Ideological and moral course is an education course of socialist modern civic literacy which aims at cultivating students' core accomplishment (political identity, rational spirit, consciousness of rule of law, public participation). As one of the elements of intelligence, observation is also an important embodiment of civil rational spirit, legal consciousness and public participation ability. Students obtain first-hand information through careful observation. Observation activities can help students to find problems, understand problems and provide solutions. It is a process of inquiry, which can enhance students' enthusiasm for learning. In the curriculum standards of various subjects, the importance of the cultivation of observational ability is mentioned. Therefore, for the educational departments and the majority of first-line teachers, it is an urgent problem to improve the students' observation ability. This paper collects and arranges the domestic and foreign literature related to observation and observation cultivation, and reinduces the connotation of observation on the basis of reading analysis. First of all, the author analyzes the connotation of observation and observation, on the basis of summing up the analysis results, a questionnaire about the present situation of observation ability of junior high school students is compiled. The present situation and shortcomings of junior high school students' observation ability are preliminarily understood, and the causes are analyzed and the corresponding countermeasures are put forward. Through the data analysis of the questionnaire, it is found that most students are very interested in observation, but the present situation of students' observation is not optimistic. To sum up, it is not difficult to find that the present situation of the observation ability of junior high school students has the following five main deficiencies: 1) the students lack the relevant basic knowledge of the subject, and they do not use the knowledge of ideological and moral lessons to observe the students. (2) the students seldom make plans in the observation activities. Moreover, the observation lack of coherence is difficult for the students to put forward questions actively during the observation process, and the serious lack of awareness of active inquiry into the problem. 4) the observation process is susceptible to the influence of irrelevant factors. In the observation process, students seldom record the phenomena and results while observing. Based on the actual investigation results, and in connection with domestic and foreign relevant literature, the author analyzes the above deficiencies and puts forward the following countermeasures, in order to expect to change the existing level of observation of junior high school students, improve the observation ability of middle school students: 1. Stimulate students' interest in observation, for example, carry out social surveys to enhance students' attention to society; (2) help students to obtain social information through campus forums; (3) enable students to take the initiative to observe society through such forms as "five-minute lectures on current politics"; second, Teaching students the methods of scientific observation, for example, using ideological and moral knowledge to teach students to analyze the details of social phenomena, third, using social practice and other forms to exercise students' observation ability; For example, 1) develop a "volunteer campaign" 2) arrange an open holiday assignment 3) allow students to have a career experience. The purpose of this paper is to understand the problems and shortcomings in the development of the students' observation ability in rural middle schools in the north of Jiangsu Province by means of a questionnaire survey, so as to make the majority of teachers realize the important role of observation in learning. Analyze the reasons and put forward some feasible countermeasures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G633.2

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