高中物理教學(xué)中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自我提問能力的案例研究
本文選題:問題意識 + 問題情境; 參考:《山東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文
【摘要】:高中物理課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中對培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的能力目標(biāo)有明確的規(guī)定,即具有一定的理解能力、信息搜集和處理能力、推理能力、分析綜合能力及應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)處理物理問題的能力[1]。這一規(guī)定對學(xué)生各方面的能力做了一個綜合性的要求,也反映了學(xué)習(xí)物理所必備的能力及課程改革的要求。問題意識是思維的動機(jī),是創(chuàng)新意識、創(chuàng)新能力的基礎(chǔ)。有問題才會有思考,才會找到新思路去解決問題。學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)情境之中對學(xué)科知識、學(xué)習(xí)素材與教師教學(xué)中一些矛盾、空白與不同提出疑問,這種積極探究的心理狀態(tài)可以促進(jìn)學(xué)生的思維發(fā)展。在當(dāng)前的物理課堂教學(xué)中,大部分教師雖然具有新課程理念,在教學(xué)中注意情境設(shè)計和問題設(shè)計的研究,也提出了諸如分組討論、合作探究等教學(xué)方法,但由于傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)方法以及舊教材的編排體系等因素,這些方法本質(zhì)上仍然是根據(jù)教師設(shè)定好的問題開展的,在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的問題意識、提出問題和自我提問能力的方面仍需進(jìn)一步研究。長期以來學(xué)生沒有養(yǎng)成良好的問題意識和思考習(xí)慣,知識理解不透徹,掌握不牢固,不會融會貫通,更談不上進(jìn)行研究性學(xué)習(xí)。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的提出問題和自我提問的能力,這是廣大物理教師在教學(xué)過程中亟需關(guān)注的問題。本文首先介紹了在高中物理教學(xué)中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自我提問能力的研究背景;分析了國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,確定了研究的目的和意義;依據(jù)問題教學(xué)理論、元認(rèn)知理論、建構(gòu)主義學(xué)習(xí)理論,對現(xiàn)階段學(xué)生自我提問中出現(xiàn)的問題進(jìn)行了深入的分析,通過調(diào)查分析了筆者所在學(xué)校學(xué)生的自我提問現(xiàn)狀,探討影響學(xué)生自我提問的一系列因素,針對這些情況提出了在高中物理教學(xué)中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自我提問能力的策略,最后根據(jù)菏澤一中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自我提問能力的實(shí)踐,設(shè)計高中物理課前學(xué)習(xí)自主提問單、課中重難點(diǎn)突破提問單、課后學(xué)習(xí)溫故知新提問單;并列舉在物理課堂教學(xué)中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生提出問題的案例片斷。本文通過調(diào)查訪談獲得第一手資料,然后采取相應(yīng)的措施,協(xié)調(diào)教學(xué)活動,從而使課堂教學(xué)更有針對性。利用教科書開發(fā)“課程資源”,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生問題性思維品質(zhì);通過創(chuàng)設(shè)新穎恰當(dāng)?shù)膯栴}情境,為培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的自我提問能力提供平臺;通過元認(rèn)知知識的學(xué)習(xí),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的自我提問能力;通過科學(xué)的評價為培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的自我提問能力提供有力支撐。將學(xué)生的自我提問能力的培養(yǎng)移到課外,設(shè)計物理學(xué)習(xí)自我提問單,并列舉培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自我提問能力設(shè)計的物理概念教學(xué)、物理規(guī)律教學(xué)等典型案例。
[Abstract]:In the physics curriculum standard of senior high school, there is a clear stipulation on the ability goal of cultivating students' ability, that is, the ability to understand, collect and process information, infer, analyze synthetically and apply mathematics to deal with physics problem [1].This regulation makes a comprehensive request for the students' abilities in all aspects, and also reflects the necessary abilities for studying physics and the requirements for curriculum reform.Question consciousness is the motive of thinking, the foundation of innovation consciousness and innovation ability.Only when there are problems can we think about them and find new ways to solve them.Students in the learning situation of the subject knowledge, learning materials and teachers in the teaching of some contradictions, blank and different questions, this positive psychological state of inquiry can promote the development of students' thinking.In the current physics classroom teaching, although most teachers have the new curriculum idea, pay attention to the research of the situation design and the question design in the teaching, also put forward the teaching methods such as group discussion, cooperative inquiry and so on.However, because of the traditional teaching methods and the arrangement system of the old teaching materials, these methods are still carried out according to the problems set by the teachers, and they are developing the students' awareness of the problems.Further research is needed on the ability to ask questions and self-questions.To cultivate students' ability of asking questions and asking questions is a problem that the majority of physics teachers should pay close attention to in the course of teaching.This paper first introduces the research background of cultivating students' self-questioning ability in physics teaching in senior high school; analyzes the current research situation at home and abroad, determines the purpose and significance of the research; according to the theory of problem teaching, metacognition theory,Based on the constructivism theory, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the problems in the students' self-questioning at the present stage, analyzes the present situation of the students' self-questioning in their schools, and discusses a series of factors that affect the students' self-questioning.In view of these conditions, this paper puts forward the strategies of cultivating students' self-questioning ability in physics teaching in senior high school. Finally, according to the practice of cultivating students' self-questioning ability in Heze No. 1 Middle School, the paper designs a self-questioning list for learning physics in senior high school before class.The important and difficult points in the class break through the question list, and learning after class to learn the new question list, and enumerate the case of cultivating students to ask questions in physics classroom teaching.This paper obtains first-hand information through investigation and interview, and then takes corresponding measures to coordinate teaching activities so as to make classroom teaching more targeted.Cultivating students' self-questioning ability and providing strong support for cultivating students' self-questioning ability through scientific evaluation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:G633.7
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