本文選題：物理模型　切入點(diǎn)：模型構(gòu)建　出處：《云南師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：科學(xué)發(fā)展至今都沒有窮盡所有的規(guī)律,要想揭示事物的本質(zhì)和規(guī)律,建模是最有效的方法,模型以及模型的建構(gòu)機(jī)制的研究在科學(xué)理論和科學(xué)教學(xué)領(lǐng)域引起了廣泛的關(guān)注。隨著課程改革和教學(xué)研究對(duì)能力的重視,建立物理模型并學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)的物理規(guī)律已經(jīng)成為高中階段主要的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容,模型法作為解決物理問題的主要方法,它以題干信息為載體,通過模型構(gòu)建、條件分析、尋找規(guī)律、解決應(yīng)用等步驟,能幫助學(xué)生建立程序性解題的模式,促進(jìn)學(xué)生更好地提高問題分析能力、歸納總結(jié)能力、邏輯推理能力以及科學(xué)探究能力。模型法不僅僅是一種解決問題的方法,更是一個(gè)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生思維能力的手段,它的研究對(duì)我國的基礎(chǔ)教育課程改革產(chǎn)生了積極的影響。對(duì)此,本課題主要進(jìn)行了以下幾個(gè)方面的研究:首先,簡(jiǎn)要回顧了物理模型及模型教學(xué)的發(fā)展歷程,通過命題思路分析,提出解題者應(yīng)具備的思維過程。通過文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研,從思維轉(zhuǎn)化角度對(duì)物理模型進(jìn)行分類。其次,對(duì)近三年高考物理新課標(biāo)全國卷試題中應(yīng)用到的物理模型進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)而全面地分析,總結(jié)出近三年高考物理課標(biāo)全國卷對(duì)物理模型的考查情況。以問卷形式總結(jié)得出學(xué)生對(duì)模型的掌握情況及教師的模型教學(xué)情況,對(duì)比試題模型統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果和問卷結(jié)果,為后文進(jìn)行模型法的研究作鋪墊。最后,根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,研究了物理問題的解題方法。針對(duì)高考試題中的物理問題,從模型角度對(duì)問題進(jìn)行分類,結(jié)合物理模型的特點(diǎn),解剖解題思維,闡釋解題方法,給出模型法解題的具體流程圖。以高考試題中的實(shí)用型問題和壓軸題為載體,提供了相應(yīng)的模型法運(yùn)用的案例分析,以供廣大一線教師參考。
[Abstract]:With the attention of curriculum reform and teaching research to the ability, establishing physical model and learning related physics law have become the main learning content in senior middle school. As the main method of solving physics problem, model method is based on the information of subject matter.Through the steps of model construction, condition analysis, searching for rules, solving application and so on, it can help students to set up the model of procedural problem solving, promote students to improve their ability of problem analysis better, sum up and sum up ability, etc.Logical reasoning and scientific inquiry.Model approach is not only a method to solve problems, but also a means to cultivate students' thinking ability. Its research has a positive impact on the curriculum reform of basic education in China.In this paper, the following aspects are studied: firstly, the development of physical model and model teaching is reviewed briefly. Through the analysis of propositional thinking, the author puts forward the thinking process that should be possessed by the problem-solver.Through literature investigation, the physical models are classified from the perspective of thinking transformation.Secondly, this paper systematically and comprehensively analyzes the physical model used in the national test paper of the new physics course standard of the college entrance examination in the last three years, and summarizes the examination situation of the physics model in the national examination paper of the new physics course standard of the college entrance examination in the last three years.In the form of questionnaire, the author summarizes the students' mastery of the model and the teacher's teaching of the model, compares the statistical results of the test model and the results of the questionnaire, and paves the way for the later study of the model method.Finally, according to the statistical analysis, the method of solving physical problems is studied.In view of the physical problems in the college entrance examination questions, this paper classifies the problems from the angle of model, dissects the thinking of solving problems, explains the methods of solving problems, and gives the concrete flow chart of solving problems by model method combined with the characteristics of physical models.Taking the practical problems in the college entrance examination questions and the pressing questions as the carrier, this paper provides a case study of the application of the corresponding model method for the reference of the vast number of front-line teachers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G633.7

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