本文選題：義務(wù)教育　切入點：作文教學(xué)　出處：《閩南師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在我國的義務(wù)教育階段作文教學(xué)中,從小學(xué)開始,就缺少培養(yǎng)學(xué)生寫作的“讀者意識”觀念和相應(yīng)的訓(xùn)練過程。在寫作教學(xué)中一直都是教師主導(dǎo)整個作文過程,如教師啟發(fā)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生習(xí)作,點評學(xué)生作文,并進行作文評分。而且國內(nèi)的應(yīng)試教育結(jié)構(gòu)使得學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)寫作文只是為了在考試中得到一個好的分數(shù),這就讓寫作的目的本末倒置了。我國教育學(xué)界大多數(shù)是籠統(tǒng)的介紹國外理論指導(dǎo)下的“讀者意識”,而本篇論文主要針對義務(wù)教育階段“讀者意識”的培養(yǎng)進行研究。通過對作文教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀的分析,指出“讀者意識”的培養(yǎng)是明確學(xué)生寫作目的和提高學(xué)生寫作興趣的需要,并提出培養(yǎng)義務(wù)教育階段學(xué)生“讀者意識”的策略和方法。本文一共分為五個部分:其中第一部分是緒論,概述了本課題的研究現(xiàn)狀及義務(wù)教育階段作文教學(xué)中“讀者意識”研究的目的和意義。第二部分提出“讀者意識”的概念以及研究的理論依據(jù)。第三部分主要介紹義務(wù)教育階段作文教學(xué)中“讀者意識”問題分析。這一部分是分為兩個小節(jié)。第一小節(jié)研究義務(wù)教育階段“讀者意識”缺乏的原因,第二小節(jié)主要寫義務(wù)教育階段作文教學(xué)中培養(yǎng)“讀者意識”的重要性,從課堂中教師的教到學(xué)生的學(xué),分為寫作目的、平等對話、寫作興趣、語言表達四部分來進行闡述。第四部分是本文的核心內(nèi)容,即義務(wù)教育階段作文教學(xué)中“讀者意識”培養(yǎng)的策略和方法。針對第二部分問題的提出,分別從義務(wù)教育中寫話、習(xí)作、寫作三個階段尋找解決策略。寫話階段,也就是小學(xué)一至二年級,學(xué)生只要將想要說的話表達出來即可,所以這一階段分別從閱讀教學(xué)、創(chuàng)設(shè)情境、講故事三個方面初步滲入“讀者意識”。習(xí)作階段是指三至六年級,這一階段受到課堂效率的影響,可以從作文課堂和交流平臺兩個方面強化“讀者意識”。寫作階段是指初中一至三年級,這一階段學(xué)生寫作框架初具成型,可以具體到書信體寫作訓(xùn)練、現(xiàn)代經(jīng)典名著導(dǎo)讀和拓展作文的講評方式來形成“讀者意識”。第五部分是對前四部分的分析和策略方法進行總結(jié)。在義務(wù)教育階段作文教學(xué)中強調(diào)“讀者意識”這個理念,讓教師從“作文審判者”轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤白魑男蕾p者”和“思想交流者”,同時學(xué)生也會從“要我寫”變?yōu)椤拔乙獙憽?增強寫作主動性。學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方式也由被動敷衍向自主、合作、探究的思維模式轉(zhuǎn)變,這樣的作文教學(xué)觀才是當代素質(zhì)教育的真正目的。
[Abstract]:In the composition teaching of compulsory education in our country, there is a lack of the concept of "reader consciousness" and the corresponding training process to cultivate the students' writing consciousness since the beginning of the primary school. In the writing teaching, the teacher has always been the leading teacher in the whole composition process. For example, teachers inspire students to write, comment on students' compositions, and score compositions. Moreover, the domestic examination-oriented education structure makes students learn to write only in order to get a good score in the examination. This makes the purpose of writing put the cart before the horse. Most educational circles in our country introduce the "reader consciousness" under the guidance of foreign theories in general, and this thesis mainly focuses on the cultivation of "reader consciousness" in the compulsory education stage. Through the analysis of the present situation of composition teaching, It is pointed out that the cultivation of readers' consciousness is the need to clarify the students' writing purpose and improve their interest in writing. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction. This paper summarizes the present research situation of this subject and the purpose and significance of the study of "reader's consciousness" in the composition teaching of compulsory education. The second part puts forward the concept of "reader's consciousness" and the theoretical basis of the study. The third part mainly introduces the theory of "reader's consciousness". This part is divided into two sections. The first section studies the reasons for the lack of "reader consciousness" in compulsory education. The second section mainly writes about the importance of cultivating "reader consciousness" in the composition teaching of compulsory education, from the teacher's teaching in the classroom to the students' learning, divided into writing purpose, equal dialogue, writing interest. The 4th part is the core content of this paper, that is, the strategy and method of "reader consciousness" cultivation in the composition teaching of compulsory education. Writing, writing three stages to find solutions. Writing stage, that is, the first to the second grade of primary school, students can only express what they want to say, so this stage from the teaching of reading, creating situations, Three aspects of storytelling have initially infiltrated "reader consciousness". The exercise stage refers to grades 3 to 6, which is affected by classroom efficiency. The "reader consciousness" can be strengthened from two aspects of composition classroom and communication platform. The writing stage refers to the first to third grade of junior high school. This stage of students' writing framework is initially formed, and can be concretely applied to the writing training of epistolary style. The 5th part is a summary of the analysis and tactics of the first four parts. In the composition teaching of compulsory education, the concept of "reader consciousness" is emphasized. Let teachers change from "composition judges" to "composition appreciators" and "thought communicators," and students will also change from "ask me to write" to "I want to write," to increase writing initiative. Students' learning style will also change from passive perfunctory to autonomous and cooperative. The transformation of thinking mode of inquiry, such composition teaching view is the real purpose of the contemporary quality education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：閩南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G633.34

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