本文關(guān)鍵詞：改進(jìn)初中物理課堂教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀的策略研究　出處：《河北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：2001年6月,教育部頒布實(shí)施了《基礎(chǔ)教育課程改革綱要(試行)》,標(biāo)志著我國(guó)正式開(kāi)后新一輪的基礎(chǔ)教育改革,學(xué)生的全面發(fā)展是新一輪基礎(chǔ)教育改革的基本理念和價(jià)值取向。新課改經(jīng)過(guò)十幾年的不斷發(fā)展,取得了一定的成效,但在實(shí)施過(guò)程中仍存在諸多問(wèn)題,導(dǎo)致學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣不高、學(xué)習(xí)質(zhì)量下降、,學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)能力和學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣等方面未達(dá)到預(yù)期目標(biāo)。針對(duì)目前的問(wèn)題,本研究以初中物理課堂教學(xué)為研究對(duì)象,首先,通過(guò)系統(tǒng)梳理國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)和成果,結(jié)合物理學(xué)科特點(diǎn),總結(jié)提升初中物理課程教學(xué)效率的概念和理論,研究提升初中物理課程教學(xué)效率的內(nèi)涵;其次,深入教學(xué)一線(xiàn),結(jié)合教學(xué)實(shí)際,對(duì)初中物理課堂教學(xué)情況進(jìn)行實(shí)踐調(diào)查,發(fā)現(xiàn)存在以下問(wèn)題:(1)學(xué)生的主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)和思考的能力有待提升;(2)對(duì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣的培養(yǎng)力度不足;(3)一部分學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度不夠端正;(4)學(xué)生課堂教學(xué)參與度不高;(5)一些教師的專(zhuān)業(yè)水平有待提升。針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題,結(jié)合教學(xué)實(shí)際,在相關(guān)理論的指導(dǎo)下,分別基于教師和學(xué)生的角度,提出改進(jìn)初中物理課堂教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀的策略:(1)基于教師的角度:(1)構(gòu)建物理教學(xué)情境。引發(fā)學(xué)生認(rèn)知沖突,激發(fā)學(xué)生好奇心和自主探究意識(shí),引導(dǎo)學(xué)生積極思考,主動(dòng)提出問(wèn)題,進(jìn)而通過(guò)獨(dú)立思考和實(shí)踐活動(dòng)獲取科學(xué)知識(shí),解決問(wèn)題,使學(xué)生逐步完成對(duì)新知識(shí)的自主建構(gòu);(2)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生展示自我。教師通過(guò)在課堂教學(xué)中引導(dǎo)和鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生展示和分享自己的學(xué)習(xí)體會(huì)和學(xué)習(xí)成果,使其獲得成功的體驗(yàn),進(jìn)而激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)的熱情,促進(jìn)主觀能動(dòng)性;(3)實(shí)施分層教學(xué)。針對(duì)不同學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)和基礎(chǔ)的學(xué)生,在教學(xué)目標(biāo)、課后作業(yè)、課后輔導(dǎo)、成績(jī)?cè)u(píng)價(jià)等方面加以分層對(duì)待,促進(jìn)優(yōu)等生、中等生、學(xué)困生共同提高和進(jìn)步;(4)采用探究式教學(xué)。在實(shí)際教學(xué)活動(dòng)中,通過(guò)激發(fā)學(xué)生興趣、設(shè)置任務(wù)、傳授正確的學(xué)習(xí)方法、適當(dāng)運(yùn)用獎(jiǎng)懲制度等,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)和開(kāi)展探究活動(dòng);(5)提高自身專(zhuān)業(yè)水平。在完備的專(zhuān)業(yè)化知識(shí)、先進(jìn)的專(zhuān)業(yè)化理念、嫻熟的專(zhuān)業(yè)技能和積極的教育研究態(tài)度等四方面不斷提高教師自身專(zhuān)業(yè)水平。(2)基于學(xué)生的角度。(1)課前主動(dòng)預(yù)習(xí)。通過(guò)課前預(yù)習(xí),幫助自己提前了解本堂課的難點(diǎn)疑點(diǎn)問(wèn)題,帶著這些問(wèn)題進(jìn)入到課堂學(xué)習(xí)之中,有針對(duì)性的學(xué)習(xí),明確了課堂學(xué)習(xí)的目標(biāo),使學(xué)生形成特色的學(xué)習(xí)模式,進(jìn)而改進(jìn)課堂教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀;(2)重視當(dāng)堂消化和總結(jié)。不僅能使自己對(duì)所學(xué)的課程內(nèi)容有一個(gè)更為深入的理解,提高學(xué)習(xí)效率,還能掌握科學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)方法,學(xué)會(huì)自我檢查;(3)理論與生活實(shí)際想聯(lián)系。增加了學(xué)生的代入性,在學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中又聯(lián)系了身邊的生活現(xiàn)象,激發(fā)了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)物理的興趣,又從鞏固和加深學(xué)生對(duì)物理知識(shí)的掌握和理解;(4)學(xué)生之間加強(qiáng)小組合作。既可以激發(fā)自身學(xué)習(xí)物理的積極性,同時(shí),通過(guò)合作,以及合作帶來(lái)的良性競(jìng)爭(zhēng),激發(fā)自身主觀能動(dòng)性,提高學(xué)習(xí)效率和學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī),同時(shí)可以滿(mǎn)足學(xué)生的心理需要、促進(jìn)學(xué)生情感的發(fā)展。通過(guò)本研究,以期為廣大教師在提升課堂教學(xué)質(zhì)量實(shí)踐探索中有所幫助,為實(shí)現(xiàn)學(xué)生的全面發(fā)展這一新一輪基礎(chǔ)教育改革的基本理念和價(jià)值取向提供參考。
[Abstract]:In June 2001, the Ministry of Education promulgated the "basic education curriculum reform program (Trial)", marking a new round of basic education reform in China officially opened, the all-round development of students is the basic concept and value orientation of a new round of basic education reform. The new curriculum reform after ten years of continuous development, has made certain the results, but there are still many problems in the implementation process, leading to the students' interest in learning is not high, the decline in the quality of learning, and students' learning ability and learning habits did not reach the expected goal. Aiming at the present problems, this study takes the junior middle school physics classroom teaching as the research object, firstly, through combing the related literature at home and abroad and the results, together with the characteristics of physics, this paper summarizes the concept and theory to enhance the teaching efficiency in junior middle school physics curriculum, research the connotation of improving teaching efficiency of junior high school physics curriculum; secondly, in-depth teaching, combining teaching The actual, practical investigation of the junior middle school physics classroom teaching, we find the following problems: (1) the ability of active learning and thinking of students should be improved; (2) training on the students' learning interest; (3) a part of the students learning attitude is not correct; (4) students' participation is not high; (5) the professional level of teachers should be improved. Aiming at the above problems, combining with the teaching practice, under the guidance of the relevant theory, based on the perspective of teachers and students respectively, put forward the improvement status of junior high school physics classroom teaching strategies: (1) based on the perspective of teachers: (1) the construction situation of physics teaching. Students cognitive conflict, stimulate students' curiosity and awareness of self inquiry, guide students to think actively, take the initiative to ask questions, and then through the independent thinking and practice of scientific knowledge, solve problems, make students gradually complete the self construction of new knowledge; ( 2) to guide students to show themselves. Teachers can guide and encourage students to demonstrate and share their learning experience and learning in the classroom teaching, the successful experience, and thus stimulate the enthusiasm of learning, to promote the initiative; (3) the implementation of hierarchical teaching. According to different grades and foundation for students in the teaching objectives, homework, after-school tutoring, performance evaluation and other aspects to classify, promote the top students, secondary students, school students trapped together to improve and progress; (4) the use of inquiry teaching. In the practical teaching activities, tasks are set by inspiring students' interest, teach the correct learning methods, the proper use of rewards and punishments system, guiding students' independent learning and inquiry activities; (5) improve their professional level. In professional knowledge, professional advanced concept, good professional skills and positive attitude of education from four aspects: no To continuously improve the level of teachers' professional. (2) based on the perspective of students. (1) before the class. Through active preview before class, help yourself to advance understanding of difficult questions in this class, with these questions into the classroom learning, targeted learning, the classroom learning goals, make students the formation of the characteristics of learning mode, and improve classroom teaching situation; (2) to be digested and summarized. Not only allows them to have a more in-depth understanding of the course content, but also improve the efficiency of learning, learning to master the scientific method, learn self check; (3) the theory and the reality of life to contact the increase of students. Then, in the process of learning and contact the phenomenon of life around, to stimulate students' interest in learning physics, and from consolidate and deepen the student to the physical knowledge and understanding; (4) to strengthen the team cooperation between students. It can not only stimulate their enthusiasm, learning at the same time, through cooperation, competition and cooperation brings, stimulate their initiative, improve learning efficiency and learning performance, and can meet the psychological needs of students, promote students' emotional development. Through this study, in order to help the teachers in improving classroom teaching the quality of teaching practice, to provide reference for the basic concept and value orientation to achieve the comprehensive development of students in the new round of reform of basic education.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G633.7

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