儒家和基督教教育思想比較研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-07 08:13
【摘要】：中國(guó)的教育問題日益突出。教育漸漸“異化”,脫離了“育人”的宗旨,漸漸成為政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)的工具。教育性質(zhì)由自主性轉(zhuǎn)化為他主性、功利化和工具化。這一性質(zhì)的轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)诮逃康摹⒔逃齼?nèi)容、教育對(duì)象和教育方法中都有明顯的體現(xiàn)。在教育目的中,教育失去了崇高信仰的支撐,漸趨功利化。人們接受教育的目的更多是為了生存,而不是為了“詩(shī)意地棲居”在這片土地上。教育目的功利化的基礎(chǔ)下所產(chǎn)生的教育內(nèi)容單一,只重視對(duì)知識(shí)和技能的培養(yǎng),忽視了對(duì)人非智力潛質(zhì)的挖掘,道德教育嚴(yán)重缺乏。教育的工具化隨之而來(lái)的是教育對(duì)象的工具化。受教育者被當(dāng)作流水線上統(tǒng)一生產(chǎn)的工具,失去了自由的精神和獨(dú)立的人格。在教育方法上,由于受成功學(xué)的影響,凡事追求第一,學(xué)生之間沒有合作,更多是彼此的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。面對(duì)當(dāng)代中國(guó)日益突出的教育問題,我們需要繼承中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)教育思想當(dāng)中的精華,同時(shí)也不應(yīng)放棄對(duì)西方優(yōu)秀教育思想的吸收。從而幫助中國(guó)的教育實(shí)現(xiàn)“創(chuàng)造性轉(zhuǎn)化”:即超越中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)教育思想與西方教育思想的對(duì)立,實(shí)現(xiàn)兩種思想的融合。其中,儒家教育思想是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)教育思想的主流。而基督教教育思想也是西方教育思想的重要組成部分。因此對(duì)兩者的比較研究有重大意義。首先,本文立足于教育的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)——天道觀和人性論,為儒家和基督教教育思想的比較提供一定的理論依據(jù)。天道觀決定了人性論,而人性論又制約著教育目的的制定,教育內(nèi)容的確定以及教學(xué)方法的選擇。其次,本文從教育目的觀、教育內(nèi)容觀、教育方法論、師道觀幾個(gè)方面對(duì)儒家和基督教教育思想進(jìn)行比較,儒家“內(nèi)圣外王”的教育目的觀決定了儒家的教育內(nèi)容以德育為主,教學(xué)方法注重自身的內(nèi)省;基督教中全備的認(rèn)識(shí)上帝、愛上帝的教育目的決定教育內(nèi)容以靈育為主,教學(xué)方法上注重靈修和默想。最后,通過比較得出兩者的教育思想對(duì)中國(guó)當(dāng)代教育的價(jià)值,為找到一條適合中國(guó)教育的道路提供借鑒。為解決當(dāng)代教育的問題,實(shí)現(xiàn)當(dāng)代教育的重建,需要從以下幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行嘗試。在教育目的中,需努力樹立崇高的信仰,一方面,崇高的信仰是人的終極關(guān)懷;另一方面,信仰是道德教育的關(guān)鍵和核心,失去信仰的道德教育終將淪為規(guī)范的傳授。在教育內(nèi)容當(dāng)中,需要推廣生命教育和對(duì)經(jīng)典的學(xué)習(xí)。生命教育幫助學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)技能知識(shí)的同時(shí),生命得以涵養(yǎng),理性和感性得以融合在一個(gè)完整的人性當(dāng)中。經(jīng)典蘊(yùn)含著天地之心、修齊之道和治平之方,回歸經(jīng)典的學(xué)習(xí)可以幫助學(xué)生塑造整體性的人文關(guān)懷。在教學(xué)過程當(dāng)中,注重內(nèi)省功夫,內(nèi)省可以提高學(xué)生感受生活體驗(yàn)生活和消化生活的能力,預(yù)備學(xué)生進(jìn)入生活。最后,需要恢復(fù)尊師重教的傳統(tǒng),教師是靈魂的工程師,對(duì)教師的尊重程度極大地影響受教育的程度。
[Abstract]:The problem of education in China is becoming increasingly prominent. Education gradually dissimilated, separated from the purpose of educating people, and gradually became a tool of politics and economy. The nature of education is transformed from autonomy to other initiative, utilitarianism and instrumentalization. The change of this nature is evident in educational purpose, content, object and method of education. In the purpose of education, education has lost the support of lofty belief and gradually become utilitarian. The purpose of education is more to survive than to inhabit the land poetically. On the basis of utilitarianism, the educational content is single, only the cultivation of knowledge and skills is paid attention to, the excavation of non-intellectual potential is neglected, and the moral education is seriously lacking. The instrumentation of education comes with the instrumentation of the object of education. The educatee is regarded as the tool of unified production on the assembly line, losing the spirit of freedom and independent personality. In educational methods, due to the influence of successful learning, the pursuit of everything is first, students do not cooperate with each other, more is the competition between each other. In the face of the increasingly prominent educational problems in contemporary China, we need to inherit the essence of Chinese traditional educational thought, and at the same time, we should not give up the absorption of the excellent western educational thought. In order to help Chinese education to realize "creative transformation", that is, to transcend the opposition between Chinese traditional educational thought and western educational thought, and realize the fusion of the two ideas. Among them, Confucian educational thought is the mainstream of Chinese traditional educational thought. Christian educational thought is also an important part of western educational thought. Therefore, the comparative study of the two has great significance. Firstly, this paper bases on the philosophical foundation of education-Heaven Taoism and human nature theory, and provides some theoretical basis for the comparison of Confucian and Christian educational thoughts. The view of Heaven determines the theory of human nature, which restricts the formulation of educational purpose, the determination of educational content and the choice of teaching methods. Secondly, this paper compares Confucian and Christian educational thoughts from the perspectives of educational purpose, educational content, educational methodology, and teacher's view. The Confucian educational purpose of "the King inside and outside" determines that moral education is the main content of Confucian education. The teaching method pays attention to the introspection of oneself, the whole understanding of God in Christianity, the educational aim of loving God decides that the education content is mainly spiritual education, and the teaching method pays attention to spiritual practice and meditation. Finally, through the comparison, the author draws the value of the two educational thoughts to Chinese contemporary education, and provides a reference for finding a suitable way for Chinese education. In order to solve the problem of contemporary education and realize the reconstruction of contemporary education, we should try from the following aspects. In the purpose of education, it is necessary to set up lofty beliefs. On the one hand, lofty beliefs are the ultimate concern of human beings; on the other hand, belief is the key and core of moral education. In the content of education, we need to promote life education and classic learning. Life education helps students to learn skills and knowledge, life can be conserved, rationality and sensibility can be integrated into a complete human nature. The classic contains the heart of heaven and earth. In the teaching process, pay attention to introspection kungfu, introspection can improve students' ability to experience life and digest life, prepare students to enter life. Finally, there is a need to restore the tradition of respecting teachers, who are engineers of the soul, and respect for teachers greatly affects the degree of education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B222;B978
本文編號(hào)：2227712
[Abstract]:The problem of education in China is becoming increasingly prominent. Education gradually dissimilated, separated from the purpose of educating people, and gradually became a tool of politics and economy. The nature of education is transformed from autonomy to other initiative, utilitarianism and instrumentalization. The change of this nature is evident in educational purpose, content, object and method of education. In the purpose of education, education has lost the support of lofty belief and gradually become utilitarian. The purpose of education is more to survive than to inhabit the land poetically. On the basis of utilitarianism, the educational content is single, only the cultivation of knowledge and skills is paid attention to, the excavation of non-intellectual potential is neglected, and the moral education is seriously lacking. The instrumentation of education comes with the instrumentation of the object of education. The educatee is regarded as the tool of unified production on the assembly line, losing the spirit of freedom and independent personality. In educational methods, due to the influence of successful learning, the pursuit of everything is first, students do not cooperate with each other, more is the competition between each other. In the face of the increasingly prominent educational problems in contemporary China, we need to inherit the essence of Chinese traditional educational thought, and at the same time, we should not give up the absorption of the excellent western educational thought. In order to help Chinese education to realize "creative transformation", that is, to transcend the opposition between Chinese traditional educational thought and western educational thought, and realize the fusion of the two ideas. Among them, Confucian educational thought is the mainstream of Chinese traditional educational thought. Christian educational thought is also an important part of western educational thought. Therefore, the comparative study of the two has great significance. Firstly, this paper bases on the philosophical foundation of education-Heaven Taoism and human nature theory, and provides some theoretical basis for the comparison of Confucian and Christian educational thoughts. The view of Heaven determines the theory of human nature, which restricts the formulation of educational purpose, the determination of educational content and the choice of teaching methods. Secondly, this paper compares Confucian and Christian educational thoughts from the perspectives of educational purpose, educational content, educational methodology, and teacher's view. The Confucian educational purpose of "the King inside and outside" determines that moral education is the main content of Confucian education. The teaching method pays attention to the introspection of oneself, the whole understanding of God in Christianity, the educational aim of loving God decides that the education content is mainly spiritual education, and the teaching method pays attention to spiritual practice and meditation. Finally, through the comparison, the author draws the value of the two educational thoughts to Chinese contemporary education, and provides a reference for finding a suitable way for Chinese education. In order to solve the problem of contemporary education and realize the reconstruction of contemporary education, we should try from the following aspects. In the purpose of education, it is necessary to set up lofty beliefs. On the one hand, lofty beliefs are the ultimate concern of human beings; on the other hand, belief is the key and core of moral education. In the content of education, we need to promote life education and classic learning. Life education helps students to learn skills and knowledge, life can be conserved, rationality and sensibility can be integrated into a complete human nature. The classic contains the heart of heaven and earth. In the teaching process, pay attention to introspection kungfu, introspection can improve students' ability to experience life and digest life, prepare students to enter life. Finally, there is a need to restore the tradition of respecting teachers, who are engineers of the soul, and respect for teachers greatly affects the degree of education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B222;B978
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，本文編號(hào)：2227712
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