康德對英法啟蒙理性與“德意志氣派”的揚棄
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-21 16:20
【摘要】：17至18世紀是西方的啟蒙時代,如何處理信仰與理性的關(guān)系是當時面臨的最基本的問題。一方面人類理性被英法啟蒙思想家視為衡量一切的工具,并推崇到極致,沉重打擊了中世紀天主教會的封建迷信,也使得這種缺乏批判與反思的理性逐漸演變成一種思想上的獨斷,成了英法啟蒙思想家教化民眾的武器。信仰的領(lǐng)域由此不斷縮小,最終在法國啟蒙思想界出現(xiàn)了完全排斥信仰的無神論。另一方面與英法啟蒙思想界盛行的理性獨斷局面不同,17至18世紀的德國則陷入了一種被稱作德意志氣派的信仰迷狂,他們往往排斥理性甚至否定理性,企圖在與上帝的神秘體驗中消解信仰與理性的矛盾�？档峦ㄟ^對理性進行分類和自我批判,規(guī)避了英法啟蒙思想中理性的獨斷和德國思想界對信仰的迷狂,在自由的基礎(chǔ)上實現(xiàn)了信仰與理性的和諧。
[Abstract]:The 17 ~ (th) ~ (18 th) century was the enlightenment period in the West, and how to deal with the relationship between belief and reason was the most basic problem. On the one hand, human rationality was regarded as a tool to measure everything by the thinkers of the Enlightenment of England and France, and it was respected to the extreme, which dealt a heavy blow to the feudal superstition of the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages. This lack of criticism and reflection gradually evolved into a kind of ideological arbitrariness and became the weapon of enlightening thinkers of England and France to educate the people. As a result, the field of faith shrank, and finally atheism, which completely rejected faith, emerged in the French enlightenment circle. On the other hand, unlike the rational arbitrariness prevailing in the Anglo-French enlightening thinkers, Germany in the 17th to 18th centuries fell into a kind of religious fanaticism called German style, which often rejected reason or even denied reason. Attempts to resolve the contradiction between faith and reason in the mysterious experience with God. By classifying and criticizing reason, Kant evaded the arbitrariness of reason in the Enlightenment thought of England and France and the fanaticism of belief in German ideological circles, and realized the harmony between belief and reason on the basis of freedom.
【作者單位】： 武漢大學哲學院;
【分類號】：B516.31
，
本文編號：2136091
[Abstract]:The 17 ~ (th) ~ (18 th) century was the enlightenment period in the West, and how to deal with the relationship between belief and reason was the most basic problem. On the one hand, human rationality was regarded as a tool to measure everything by the thinkers of the Enlightenment of England and France, and it was respected to the extreme, which dealt a heavy blow to the feudal superstition of the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages. This lack of criticism and reflection gradually evolved into a kind of ideological arbitrariness and became the weapon of enlightening thinkers of England and France to educate the people. As a result, the field of faith shrank, and finally atheism, which completely rejected faith, emerged in the French enlightenment circle. On the other hand, unlike the rational arbitrariness prevailing in the Anglo-French enlightening thinkers, Germany in the 17th to 18th centuries fell into a kind of religious fanaticism called German style, which often rejected reason or even denied reason. Attempts to resolve the contradiction between faith and reason in the mysterious experience with God. By classifying and criticizing reason, Kant evaded the arbitrariness of reason in the Enlightenment thought of England and France and the fanaticism of belief in German ideological circles, and realized the harmony between belief and reason on the basis of freedom.
【作者單位】： 武漢大學哲學院;
【分類號】：B516.31
，
本文編號：2136091
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