發(fā)布時間：2018-06-22 01:39

  本文選題：A.施密特 + 自然觀　； 參考：《聊城大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：法蘭克福學派的第二代代表人物阿爾弗雷德·施密特,在西方馬克思主義的歷史上第一次以“馬克思的自然觀”為專門研究對象進行了著書立說,他的研究與所處的時代背景有著密切的聯(lián)系,既是對法蘭克福學派社會批判理論的繼承和發(fā)展,也有所突破和創(chuàng)新。施密特通過闡述“馬克思的自然概念”而得出自己獨特的自然觀理論,其觀點集中體現(xiàn)在代表作《馬克思的自然概念》一書中,施密特的論述沿襲了法蘭克福學派批判的理論傳統(tǒng),立足于馬克思的經(jīng)濟學研究成果,獨辟蹊徑的以“自然”為切入點,闡述了馬克思唯物主義的特色和本質(zhì)。施密特的自然觀主要包括四個方面的內(nèi)容,一是論證馬克思唯物主義“非本體論的”性質(zhì),批判恩格斯“世界統(tǒng)一于物質(zhì)”的本體論命題和自然辯證法理論;二是通過對自然和商品的分析,提出了“自然與社會雙向中介”的理論,批評盧卡奇的“社會關(guān)系本體論”;三是闡述馬克思主義哲學的認識論,充分肯定實踐對認識的重要意義;四是對“人與自然的關(guān)系”進行了討論,斷言馬克思關(guān)于人與自然關(guān)系的理論是一種烏托邦。施密特對馬克思自然觀的理解在學術(shù)界存在頗多爭議。他以馬克思的中后期著作為重點,堅持唯物主義的立場,堅持自然界的優(yōu)先地位,強調(diào)實踐的重要作用,為人們深刻認識馬克思的自然觀提供了新的視野。然而,施密特對馬克思的理解也存在偏差和誤讀,他的部分論述并非首尾一致,一些觀點和結(jié)論也值得商榷。馬克思的自然理論蘊含著豐富的生態(tài)思想,施密特的解讀也包含著對人與自然關(guān)系的深度思考,并且直接影響了當代生態(tài)馬克思主義的發(fā)展,這在一定程度上契合了當今社會時代發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實需要,對于我們具有現(xiàn)實的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Alfred Schmidt, the second generation representative of the Frankfurt School of thought, for the first time in the history of Western Marxism, devoted his book to Marx's view of nature. His research is closely related to the background of his time. It is not only the inheritance and development of Frankfurt school's critical theory of society, but also the breakthrough and innovation. By expounding Marx's concept of Nature, Schmidt came up with his own unique view of nature, which is embodied in his masterpiece, Marx's concept of Nature. Schmitt's discussion follows the theoretical tradition of Frankfurt School's criticism, based on Marx's economic research results, takes "nature" as the breakthrough point, and expounds the characteristics and essence of Marxist materialism. Schmidt's view of nature mainly includes four aspects: the first is to demonstrate the nature of Marxist materialism "non-ontology", to criticize Engels's ontology proposition of "the world unified in matter" and the theory of dialectics of nature; Second, through the analysis of nature and commodities, the author puts forward the theory of "the two-way intermediary between nature and society", criticizes Lukacs's "social relationship ontology", and expounds the epistemology of Marxist philosophy. The fourth is to discuss the relationship between man and nature, and to assert that Marx's theory on the relationship between man and nature is a kind of utopia. Schmidt's understanding of Marx's view of nature is controversial in academic circles. He focused on Marx's works in the middle and later periods, adhered to the materialist position, insisted on the priority of nature and emphasized the important role of practice, which provided a new vision for people to deeply understand Marx's view of nature. However, Schmitt's understanding of Marx is also biased and misread. Some of his arguments are not consistent, and some viewpoints and conclusions are open to question. Marx's theory of nature contains rich ecological thoughts, Schmidt's interpretation also contains a deep reflection on the relationship between man and nature, and directly affects the development of contemporary ecological Marxism. To a certain extent, it meets the practical needs of the development of modern society, and has practical significance for us.
【學位授予單位】：聊城大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B089.1

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