發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-20 21:31

  本文選題：馬克思主義哲學(xué) + 實(shí)踐　； 參考：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：哲學(xué)是世界觀,又是方法論,馬克思主義哲學(xué)也是如此。然而,馬克思的整個(gè)世界觀不是教義,而是方法,是進(jìn)一步研究的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和供這種研究使用的方法。馬克思主義哲學(xué)作為方法論,不僅關(guān)注反思批判現(xiàn)實(shí)、探索科學(xué)真理,更注重實(shí)際地變革現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)。馬克思主義哲學(xué)方法論表現(xiàn)出了鮮明的實(shí)踐旨趣或取向。從方法的根源上看,任何正確的方法都是從實(shí)踐中得來(lái)的,既是與客觀規(guī)律相一致的,也內(nèi)涵著實(shí)踐主體預(yù)期的目的。因而,方法既不能單純的從客體方面去理解,也不能單純地從抽象的主體去理解,更不能從思辨的主客體之間的關(guān)系去理解,而必須從屬人的現(xiàn)實(shí)世界、從現(xiàn)實(shí)的實(shí)踐活動(dòng)中去理解。從實(shí)踐性上來(lái)理解,馬克思主義哲學(xué)是實(shí)踐的世界觀,也是實(shí)踐的方法論。實(shí)踐世界觀不是把世界看作是人類(lèi)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)的產(chǎn)物而非外在于人的。馬克思主義哲學(xué)理論所揭示的不是物質(zhì)的本性及其規(guī)律,而是實(shí)踐的本性、實(shí)踐活動(dòng)規(guī)律,強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)踐的主客體之間、主客觀之間的辯證統(tǒng)一。因而,在方法論上,它不是要人按自在或外在的客觀規(guī)律辦事,而是人按照自身實(shí)踐活動(dòng)的規(guī)律辦事。這種方法論在根本上是以實(shí)踐性為根本特征的實(shí)踐方法論。實(shí)踐包含著哲學(xué)方法論的全部理論的胚芽。實(shí)踐本身就包含著主體、客體和主客體關(guān)系,從實(shí)踐出發(fā)必定引出處理客體、主體以及二者關(guān)系的方法論,形成哲學(xué)的方法論體系。馬克思主義哲學(xué)方法論形成、發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)是實(shí)踐,只有充分理解實(shí)踐的觀點(diǎn),才能準(zhǔn)確把握其哲學(xué)方法論。馬克思主義哲學(xué)內(nèi)在的實(shí)踐本性決定了其方法論向?qū)嵺`轉(zhuǎn)化的必然性。這一轉(zhuǎn)化表現(xiàn)在下述兩個(gè)方面:其一是從方法論的理論觀念向?qū)嵺`觀念的轉(zhuǎn)化,其二是從實(shí)踐觀念向?qū)ο蠡木唧w的實(shí)踐活動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)化。這兩方面相輔相成,是相互轉(zhuǎn)化、相互促進(jìn)的。然而,這一轉(zhuǎn)化的實(shí)施必然面臨著一系列的困難和問(wèn)題。馬克思主義哲學(xué)方法論向?qū)嵺`的轉(zhuǎn)化,在一定意義上表現(xiàn)為馬克思主義哲學(xué)的中國(guó)化,這也是其方法論向?qū)嵺`轉(zhuǎn)化的創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展。在這一方面,在中國(guó)的社會(huì)主義革命和建設(shè)的不同時(shí)期,黨和國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人把馬克思主義哲學(xué)和中國(guó)具體國(guó)情相結(jié)合,形成了一系列創(chuàng)造性的方法論理論成果,諸如一切從實(shí)際出發(fā),理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際,解放思想,具體問(wèn)題具體分析,實(shí)事求是,堅(jiān)定不移地堅(jiān)持群眾路線,發(fā)揚(yáng)為人們服務(wù)的精神。這些成果對(duì)建設(shè)有中國(guó)特色的社會(huì)主義實(shí)踐有著巨大的理論價(jià)值和意義。
[Abstract]:Philosophy is the world outlook and methodology, and so is Marxist philosophy. However, Marx's whole worldview is not a doctrine, but a method, a starting point and a method for further study. As a methodology, Marxist philosophy not only pays attention to rethinking and criticizing the reality, exploring the scientific truth, but also pays more attention to the practical transformation of the real society. The methodology of Marxist philosophy shows distinct practical purport or orientation. From the root of the method, any correct method is obtained from practice, which is consistent with the objective law and also implies the expected purpose of the subject of practice. Therefore, the method can not only be understood from the object aspect, nor from the abstract subject, but also from the speculative relationship between the subject and object, but must be subordinate to the real world of human beings. Understand from the practical activities. From the perspective of practice, Marxist philosophy is the world outlook of practice and the methodology of practice. The world view of practice does not regard the world as a product of human practice but not as human being. What Marxist philosophical theory reveals is not the nature of matter and its law, but the nature of practice and the law of practice activity, emphasizing the dialectical unity between subject and object of practice and between subject and objective. Therefore, in methodology, it is not necessary for people to act according to the objective laws of freedom or external, but to act according to the laws of their own practical activities. This methodology is essentially a practical methodology characterized by practicality. Practice contains the germ of the whole theory of philosophical methodology. Practice itself contains the relationship between subject, object and subject and object. From practice, the methodology of dealing with object, subject and the relationship between them must be elicited, thus forming the methodology system of philosophy. The development of Marxist philosophical methodology is based on practice. Only by fully understanding the viewpoint of practice can we grasp its philosophical methodology accurately. The inherent practice nature of Marxist philosophy determines the inevitability of the transformation from methodology to practice. This transformation is manifested in the following two aspects: one is the transformation from the theoretical concept of methodology to the concept of practice, and the other is the transformation from the concept of practice to the concrete practical activity of objectification. These two aspects complement each other and are mutually transformed and mutually promoted. However, the implementation of this transformation is bound to face a series of difficulties and problems. To a certain extent, the transformation of Marxist philosophical methodology to practice is manifested in the Sinicization of Marxist philosophy, which is also the innovation and development of the transformation from methodology to practice. In this respect, in different periods of China's socialist revolution and construction, party and state leaders have combined Marxist philosophy with China's specific national conditions, forming a series of creative methodological theoretical achievements. For example, everything is based on reality, theory is combined with practice, emancipation of the mind, concrete analysis of specific problems, seeking truth from facts, unswervingly adhering to the mass line, and carrying forward the spirit of serving the people. These achievements have great theoretical value and significance to the practice of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B01

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