本文選題：清代 + 民國�。� 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：國學(xué)即中華學(xué)術(shù),儒學(xué)是主流、經(jīng)學(xué)是核心,洛學(xué)是宋代之后的大本營�！奥鍖W(xué)”作為宋代理學(xué)四大流派之一,由北宋時期洛陽人程顥、程頤兩兄弟創(chuàng)立,至南宋朱熹而集大成,遂后世多以“程朱”并稱,故洛學(xué)在元明清三代也逐漸成為了河南理學(xué)的專指。程朱理學(xué)是傳統(tǒng)理學(xué)當(dāng)中的正統(tǒng)派,在元代實現(xiàn)官學(xué)化之后,于明清兩代得以延續(xù),統(tǒng)治中國思想界數(shù)百年之久。河南因是二程故鄉(xiāng)、洛學(xué)發(fā)源,因此在元明清三代,始終是學(xué)術(shù)文化界的主流。清代洛學(xué)的發(fā)展是全國范圍理學(xué)發(fā)展的重要組成部分,但又呈現(xiàn)出相對的獨立性,基本上分為清初的復(fù)興和大盛、清中期的平穩(wěn)發(fā)展、咸同年間至光緒中期的復(fù)興和光宣年間的式微四個發(fā)展階段,并最終隨著科舉制的廢除而與中國傳統(tǒng)學(xué)術(shù)一道走上創(chuàng)造轉(zhuǎn)型的新生之路。整體上看,有清一代洛學(xué)的發(fā)展并沒有受到乾嘉漢學(xué)等學(xué)術(shù)風(fēng)潮的根本沖擊,這一方面與程朱理學(xué)是官方意識形態(tài)及中州學(xué)術(shù)傳統(tǒng)有重要關(guān)系,一方面也離不開最高統(tǒng)治者對中州洛學(xué)先賢的表彰和一方封疆大吏、督撫學(xué)政和洛學(xué)家們積極弘揚的努力。清代前期中州理學(xué)界群星璀璨,“中州八先生”現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)及他們的理學(xué)成就和教育實踐,在一定程度上已經(jīng)指引了有清一代河南學(xué)術(shù)文化的基本走向。乾嘉時期,中州雖未出現(xiàn)有突出成就的理學(xué)名家,但也未受到漢學(xué)的沖擊,依然是學(xué)術(shù)主流,并很快在全國理學(xué)復(fù)興的大潮中,再次成為理學(xué)的重要陣地,李棠階和倭仁便是其中的佼佼者,因此加上之前的“中州八先生”,便有了“中州十先生”之謂。隨著科舉制的廢除,中國傳統(tǒng)學(xué)術(shù)一時間失去了得以存活的制度保障,洛學(xué)也走上了轉(zhuǎn)型之路,李時燦和王錫彤便是這個新舊交替時期的典型代表。其中,李時燦更是被公認(rèn)為是河南地區(qū)最后一位理學(xué)家,其一生無論是事功還是學(xué)術(shù),均對河南地區(qū)理學(xué)和教育的轉(zhuǎn)型有突出貢獻,其對中州文獻的整理也使得中州傳統(tǒng)學(xué)術(shù)進入到了最后的集成與總結(jié)階段。民國時期,河南籍學(xué)者嵇文甫早年為學(xué)受到李時燦影響,后求學(xué)于北京大學(xué)哲學(xué)門,是我國最早用馬克思主義哲學(xué)研究中國傳統(tǒng)學(xué)術(shù)的學(xué)者之一,其對理學(xué)的研究有自身的特色。然而民國時期河南地區(qū)乃至全國范圍內(nèi),論及傳統(tǒng)理學(xué)的現(xiàn)代轉(zhuǎn)型,首屈一指的還是河南籍學(xué)者馮友蘭先生接著宋明理學(xué)來講的“新理學(xué)”思想體系,而另一位河南籍學(xué)者趙紀(jì)彬與之針鋒相對而提出的“反新理學(xué)”體系亦不可忽視。河南籍學(xué)者在傳統(tǒng)理學(xué)的轉(zhuǎn)型中依然扮演著重要角色。洛學(xué)作為理學(xué)的主體自誕生之日起,便是應(yīng)對社會危機、拯救世道人心的實用哲學(xué)。明清易代之際的理學(xué)“道統(tǒng)”重建,走的依然是以“文化認(rèn)同”促進“政治認(rèn)同”的傳統(tǒng)道路,晚清社會危機越是深重,“崇正學(xué)”以匡扶世道的呼聲也就越是高漲。民國年間尤其是抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期新儒家對理學(xué)的保守回歸,也有著喚起中華民族斗志的現(xiàn)實需要,傳統(tǒng)洛學(xué)影響效應(yīng)之長久可見一斑。清代洛學(xué)缺少義理的創(chuàng)生和學(xué)理的構(gòu)建,但在人倫道德之上卻日漸精細,這一方面有助于基層社會的管理和控制,但另一方面也使得以其為主體的中州學(xué)術(shù)文化逐漸失去了開放性和創(chuàng)新的活力,及至民國才漸有迎頭趕上之勢。清代洛學(xué)的完整綿延,最大程度上保留了中國傳統(tǒng)的理學(xué)文化;民國洛學(xué)的創(chuàng)造轉(zhuǎn)型,為發(fā)掘傳統(tǒng)文化的現(xiàn)代價值做出了有益探索,凡此均是現(xiàn)今應(yīng)繼承的重要文化遺產(chǎn)。
[Abstract]:The Ancient Chinese Literature Search academic, Confucianism is the mainstream, Confucianism is the core, Luoxue is after the Song Dynasty stronghold. "Learning" as one of the four major schools of Neo Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty Luoyang Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi two brothers founded Zhu Xi and master of the Southern Song Dynasty, and later in "Cheng Zhu" it is said in Luo Yuan Ming and Qing Dynasties three generations has become Henan science. Specifically neo-Confucianism is the traditional science of orthodoxy, after realizing the officialization of Yuan Dynasty, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties two generations to continue, for hundreds of years in the rule China realm of thought. Because Henan is second hometown, Luoxue origin therefore, in the Yuan Ming and Qing Dynasties three generations, has always been the mainstream of academic development in Qing Dynasty and cultural circles. Learning is an important part of national science development, but also shows the relative independence, basically divided into early Renaissance and prosperous and stable development of the mid Qing Dynasty, Tongzhi to Guangxu years The mid and micro light years Xuan revival of four stages of development, and ultimately with the abolition of the imperial examination system and the traditional academic Chinese embarked on a road of transformation to create new road. On the whole, there is a clear development of science has not been fundamentally Telok Sinology academic trend impact, on the one hand and neo-Confucianism is the official ideology and academic tradition of Zhongzhou has an important relationship, one also cannot do without the supreme ruler of Zhongzhou Luoxue sages recognition and party governor fengjiangdali, political science and Los scientists actively promote efforts. The academic stars in Zhongzhou in the early Qing Dynasty, "achievement and educational practice in Zhongzhou eight Mr." phenomenon and their science, to a certain extent, has guided with basic trend of Qing Dynasty academic culture in Henan. In the period, although Zhongzhou did not appear to have made outstanding achievements in Science Masters, but has not been The impact is still the mainstream, and soon learn in Science in the tide of national rejuvenation, has become an important position in science again, Li Tangjie and woren is one of the best, so before adding the "Zhongzhou eight", it is a "Mr. Zhongzhou ten" that with the abolition of the imperial examination. For a time, the traditional academic Chinese lost to guarantee survival, Luoxue also embarked on a transformation of the way, Li Shican and Wang Xitong is a typical representative of the transitional period. Among them, Li Shican is widely recognized as the Henan area is finally a theorist, his life is no matter or academic achievements. Outstanding contributions to science and education transformation to the Henan area, the Zhongzhou literature also makes Zhongzhou traditional academic into integration and summary of the final stage. The period of the Republic of China, Henan scholar Ji Wenfu early learning by Li Shi Chan, after studying in Peking University philosophy, is China's one of the earliest scholar Marx China traditional academic studies of Marxist philosophy, which has its own characteristics of science. However, during the period of the Republic of Henan area and nationwide, and the traditional science of the modern transformation, leading Henan scholar Feng Youlan then Mr. song and Ming Dynasty in terms of the "new science" ideology, another Henan scholar Zhao Jibin and the tit for Tat system proposed "new science" should not be ignored. Scholars from Henan still play an important role in the transformation of the traditional Confucianism. As the subject of science learning since the date of birth, it is to deal with the social crisis, to save the world. The practical philosophy of Ming and Qing Dynasty Neo Confucianism "orthodoxy" reconstruction, go still is to promote the "cultural identity", "political identity". The road is more serious social crisis in the late Qing Dynasty, "learn to help the world in" the voice is more high. Especially during the Republic of China during the Anti Japanese War of Neo Confucianism Neo conservative regression, there is need to arouse Chinese spirit of reality, the traditional learning effect of Long Qing Luo remarkable. Learn the lack of justice and creation science construction, but in human morality has become increasingly sophisticated, with management and control to help grass-roots society on the one hand, but on the other hand also makes the main Zhongzhou academic culture gradually lost its openness and innovation, and gradually catch up to the Republic of China the potential of Luoxue in Qing Dynasty. The complete duration, the maximum extent retained the Chinese traditional culture; the creation of Luoxue transformation, to make a beneficial exploration for promoting the modern values of traditional culture, all this is the inheritance An important cultural heritage.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B2

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