本文選題：恩格斯晚年　切入點(diǎn)：歷史唯物主義　出處：《喀什大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：恩格斯晚年時(shí)期,社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治等形勢(shì)發(fā)生了諸多變化,歷史唯物主義不僅經(jīng)受了來(lái)自德國(guó)黨內(nèi)“青年派”及資產(chǎn)階級(jí)反動(dòng)學(xué)者的污蔑與攻擊,其理論自身也隨著形勢(shì)的變遷和時(shí)代的進(jìn)步而呈現(xiàn)出一定的局限性,歷史唯物主義自身的發(fā)展演變?yōu)橐环N現(xiàn)實(shí)需求。在內(nèi)外因素的雙重驅(qū)使下,恩格斯根據(jù)時(shí)代的新變化與他自身對(duì)形勢(shì)的新判斷,對(duì)歷史唯物主義進(jìn)行了一系列的創(chuàng)新與完善,為推動(dòng)歷史唯物主義理論體系的發(fā)展做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。恩格斯晚年對(duì)歷史唯物主義的貢獻(xiàn)是當(dāng)時(shí)的理論斗爭(zhēng)、實(shí)踐發(fā)展以及恩格斯自身努力結(jié)合下的產(chǎn)物,既有對(duì)他與馬克思兩人早前唯物史觀思想的延續(xù),又有他自身的邏輯創(chuàng)新與發(fā)展,體現(xiàn)了他與時(shí)俱進(jìn)的理論品質(zhì)。然而近百年來(lái),理論界對(duì)恩格斯晚年的歷史唯物主義思想?yún)s褒貶不一、毀譽(yù)參半,甚至對(duì)恩格斯在晚年特定場(chǎng)合下的論述或思想斷章取義并對(duì)其進(jìn)行污蔑。恩格斯不可能為他去世百年后所產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題提供現(xiàn)成的答案,他對(duì)歷史唯物主義的貢獻(xiàn)毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)是巨大的。恩格斯對(duì)歷史唯物主義的貢獻(xiàn)首先體現(xiàn)在他對(duì)反動(dòng)錯(cuò)誤思潮的反擊與批駁,在批駁與廓清謬誤的過(guò)程中恩格斯大大推進(jìn)了歷史唯物主義理論體系的發(fā)展;其次,還體現(xiàn)在他對(duì)唯物史觀一元論的堅(jiān)持與捍衛(wèi),在堅(jiān)持與捍衛(wèi)唯物史觀一元論的過(guò)程中恩格斯有力維護(hù)了歷史唯物主義的真理性與科學(xué)性;第三,還體現(xiàn)在他在新形勢(shì)下對(duì)歷史唯物主義創(chuàng)造性的豐富與發(fā)展,在豐富與發(fā)展歷史唯物主義理論體系的過(guò)程中恩格斯保持了歷史唯物主義長(zhǎng)青的活力。因此我們要學(xué)習(xí)恩格斯的寶貴品質(zhì),“回到”歷史,理解歷史,研究恩格斯晚年對(duì)反動(dòng)思潮的批判及其現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,研究恩格斯晚年對(duì)歷史唯物主義體系的堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展及其啟發(fā)意義,進(jìn)而真實(shí)地了解恩格斯對(duì)歷史唯物主義貢獻(xiàn)的本質(zhì),尋找歷史唯物主義的經(jīng)典語(yǔ)境和當(dāng)代現(xiàn)實(shí)結(jié)合的途徑,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)歷史唯物主義當(dāng)代性價(jià)值的正確認(rèn)識(shí),既要捍衛(wèi)馬克思主義在我國(guó)意識(shí)形態(tài)領(lǐng)域的主導(dǎo)地位,還要與時(shí)俱進(jìn),根據(jù)時(shí)代形勢(shì)的變化,推動(dòng)當(dāng)代的馬克思主義即中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義理論體系的創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展。本文將從晚年恩格斯對(duì)反動(dòng)思潮的反擊與批駁、對(duì)唯物史觀一元論的堅(jiān)持與捍衛(wèi)、對(duì)歷史唯物主義理論體系的豐富與發(fā)展三個(gè)方面出發(fā),在梳理和借鑒歷史唯物主義經(jīng)典著作及國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,本著實(shí)事求是的態(tài)度,采用史、論與述、評(píng)相結(jié)合的方法與思路,對(duì)恩格斯晚年歷史唯物主義的貢獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的歸納與研究,從而揭示出其貢獻(xiàn)的主要內(nèi)容與核心價(jià)值。本論文的創(chuàng)新之處就在于,本文突破了以往研究恩格斯歷史唯物主義貢獻(xiàn)的單一視角,遵循哲學(xué)辯證法的原則,辯證分析了恩格斯晚年歷史唯物主義貢獻(xiàn)的內(nèi)因和外因,在此基礎(chǔ)上按照三元邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行歸納分析,將恩格斯晚年的歷史唯物主義思想放到整個(gè)歷史進(jìn)程中進(jìn)行審視,全面地論述了恩格斯晚年對(duì)歷史唯物主義的貢獻(xiàn)及啟示。正文有三大部分:第一部分為原因部分,主要解答了“恩格斯晚年為什么要發(fā)展和完善歷史唯物主義”這一問(wèn)題,本部分從內(nèi)因與外因兩個(gè)方面論述了恩格斯晚年發(fā)展和完善歷史唯物主義的原因和必要性;第二部分是本文的核心部分,主要解答了“恩格斯晚年對(duì)歷史唯物主義做出了什么貢獻(xiàn)”這一問(wèn)題,本部分大量引用馬克思恩格斯原著中的經(jīng)典語(yǔ)句,從恩格斯對(duì)反動(dòng)思潮的批駁、對(duì)唯物史觀一元論的捍衛(wèi)和對(duì)歷史唯物主義理論體系的發(fā)展這三個(gè)方面闡述了恩格斯晚年對(duì)歷史唯物主義所做的貢獻(xiàn);第三部分為啟示部分,主要解答了“恩格斯晚年對(duì)歷史唯物主義的貢獻(xiàn)對(duì)當(dāng)代中國(guó)有什么啟示”這一問(wèn)題,本部分從堅(jiān)持堅(jiān)持歷史唯物主義基本立場(chǎng),批駁歷史虛無(wú)主義和把握國(guó)情和時(shí)代特征,創(chuàng)新歷史唯物主義兩個(gè)方面論述了恩格斯晚年歷史唯物主義貢獻(xiàn)對(duì)我們當(dāng)今改革和發(fā)展的重大啟示。對(duì)恩格斯晚年歷史唯物主義的貢獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行深入探討和研究后本文主要得出如下結(jié)論:第一,恩格斯晚年對(duì)歷史唯物主義的新發(fā)展是不斷變化的社會(huì)實(shí)踐和理論斗爭(zhēng)的結(jié)果,其主旨是關(guān)于歷史發(fā)展進(jìn)程中經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)、上層建筑以及社會(huì)實(shí)踐和社會(huì)意識(shí)等諸多因素交互作用的問(wèn)題;第二,恩格斯晚年對(duì)歷史唯物主義最大的貢獻(xiàn)是他在廓清謬論的同時(shí),結(jié)合實(shí)踐豐富和發(fā)展了馬克思主義意識(shí)形態(tài)理論,不僅彌補(bǔ)了早期歷史唯物主義的不足,而且極大地豐富了歷史唯物主義的內(nèi)涵與外延。正是有了恩格斯晚年對(duì)歷史唯物主義的貢獻(xiàn),歷史唯物主義才得以發(fā)展為一個(gè)論述更加完整的、原理更加豐富的科學(xué)體系,因此,恩格斯晚年對(duì)歷史唯物主義的發(fā)展,是捍衛(wèi),而非破壞,是貢獻(xiàn),而非背叛;第三,隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展進(jìn)入新常態(tài)以及社會(huì)形勢(shì)的日趨復(fù)雜多變,我們一方面要更加堅(jiān)定歷史唯物主義的基本立場(chǎng),保持頭腦清醒,認(rèn)清各類(lèi)反動(dòng)思潮的本質(zhì)與危害,堅(jiān)持是非分明,嚴(yán)格劃清歷史唯物主義與歷史虛無(wú)主義的界限,同時(shí)要加強(qiáng)宣傳思想工作,加強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義意識(shí)形態(tài)建設(shè)。另一方面,我們要準(zhǔn)確把握我國(guó)的國(guó)情和時(shí)代特征,堅(jiān)持以人為本,激發(fā)人民改革的主體性,堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)并創(chuàng)新“兩種生產(chǎn)”理論,推進(jìn)人口結(jié)構(gòu)與經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,充分發(fā)揮多方合力作用,加快推進(jìn)全面建成小康社會(huì)進(jìn)程。
[Abstract]:Engels in his old age, the social, economic and political situation has undergone many changes, historical materialism not only withstood the slander and attack from Germany the "Youth" and reactionary bourgeois scholars, the theory itself as the situation changes and the progress of the times and show some limitations, the development of historical materialism itself the evolution of a realistic demand. In by both internal and external factors, Engels according to the changes of the times and his own situation on the new judgment of historical materialism is a series of innovation and improvement, made a significant contribution to the development of the system of historical materialism. The contribution of historical materialism Engels's theory is the practice and development of struggle at that time, Engels's own efforts with the product, both he and Marx two people earlier on historical materialism thought Continuation and logic of innovation and development of his own, he embodies the theoretical quality of keeping pace with the times. However, over the past hundred years, the theory of Engels's historical materialism is mixed, even to get both praise and blame Engels in old age, the ideological discourse or interpret out of context and carries on the slander. Engels could not provide ready-made answers for his death generated after a hundred years, his contribution to historical materialism is undoubtedly enormous. Engels's contribution to historical materialism and criticism in his first embodiment of reactionary thought wrong counterattack, Engels in the process of criticizing and clarifying the fallacy in greatly promoted the development of the theoretical system of Marxism historical materialism; secondly, it also reflected in his historical materialism monism and adhere to defend, in the process of historical materialism and monism adhere to defend Engels strong Maintain the truth and science of historical materialism; third, he is also reflected in under the new situation of the historical materialism of the rich and development, in the process of enrichment and development of historical materialism theory in historical materialism Engels keep evergreen vitality. So we should learn valuable qualities of Engels, "" back to the history, understand the history, Engels's criticism of reactionary thought and its practical significance, the research of Engels's system of historical materialism and adhere to the development and inspiration, and understanding of the true nature of the contribution of Engels's historical materialism, historical materialism and the way to find the classical context and contemporary reality, to achieve the correct understanding of the historical materialism of contemporary value, not only to defend Marx's dominant position in the ideological field of our country, but also According to the trend of the times, to promote the Marx doctrine, namely the theoretical system of socialism China characteristics of innovation and development. This paper from the back of the reactionary trend of Engels in his later years and criticism, and adhere to defend to historical materialism monism, the three aspects of theory system of historical materialism of the enrichment and development of the foundation carding and drawing lessons from classic works of historical materialism and the domestic and foreign related research results, based on the practical attitude of the history, theory and the method, and the evaluation of combining, induction and Study on the system of Engels late years of historical materialism in order to reveal the contribution, the main content of the core value and contribution. The innovation of this paper lies in the single view, breaking the previous study of Engels's historical materialism contribution of this paper, follow the principle of dialectic philosophy, debate Analysis of the internal and external causes of Engels's historical materialism contribution, on the basis of three yuan according to the logical structure of the Engels's historical materialism in the history review, discusses Engels's contribution and Revelation of historical materialism. The text consists of three parts: the first part as part of the reason, the main answer to "why Engels's development and perfection of historical materialism" this problem, discusses the reasons and necessity of development and improvement of Engels's historical materialism two aspects this part from the internal and external causes; the second part is the core part of this paper, mainly to answer "of Engels's historical materialism has made what contribution to this problem, this part of a large number of references in the original classic statement of Marx Engels, from Engel The reactionary thought, criticism, the paper expounds Engels's historical materialism on the contribution of the three aspects of historical materialism monism and defend the system of historical materialism development; the third part is the main part of enlightenment, answer to "contribution to the historical materialism of Engels's what this revelation" the problem of contemporary China, this part from adhere to adhere to the basic position of historical materialism, criticizing historical nihilism and grasp the conditions and characteristics of the times, the paper discusses the important enlightenment of Engels' s historical materialism contribution to our current reform and development of the two aspects of innovation of historical materialism to historical materialism. Engels's contribution to the in-depth discussion and after studying the main conclusions are as follows: first, the new development of historical materialism in his later years Engels is constantly changing society The practice and theory of the struggle, the theme is about the economic basis in the process of historical development, the interaction of superstructure and social practice and social awareness and other factors; second, he in the clearance fallacy at the same time, is Engels's greatest contribution to the historical materialism with practice to enrich and develop Marx's theory of ideology early, not only to make up for the lack of historical materialism, but also greatly enriched the connotation of historical materialism and extension. It is a contribution to the historical materialism of Engels' s historical materialism can be developed into a more complete discussion of the principle of more scientific system, therefore, the development of the historical materialism of Engels in his later years is to defend, rather than destroy the contribution, rather than betray; third, with China's economic and social development has entered a new normal form and society The situation is becoming increasingly complex, we should firmly the basic position of historical materialism, keep a clear mind, understand the nature and harm, all kinds of reactionary thought adhere to strict limits to draw from the historical materialism and historical nihilism, at the same time to strengthen the propaganda and ideological work, strengthen the construction of socialist ideology. On the other hand, we to accurately grasp the conditions and characteristics of the times, our country adhere to the people-oriented, people's subjectivity to stimulate reform, keep learning and innovation of "two kinds of production theory, promote the coordinated development of population and economic structure, give full play to the role of multi force, accelerate the process of building a moderately prosperous society.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：喀什大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B03

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