本文關鍵詞： 利奧塔 西方馬克思主義 后現(xiàn)代轉向 法國弗洛伊德主義　出處：《南京大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：本論文主要研究利奧塔(Jean-Francois Lyotard,1924-1998)這位20世紀的法國哲學家早中期的馬克思主義批判思想及其轉變的過程,從二戰(zhàn)后到1970年代這段期間里,利奧塔的思想經歷了從西方馬克思主義到后現(xiàn)代思想的轉變。利奧塔首先是從薩特和梅洛-龐蒂的現(xiàn)象學解釋進入西方馬克思主義的批判邏輯,也就是試圖在蘇聯(lián)馬克思主義之外尋找資本主義批判的道路,此時現(xiàn)象學、存在主義和馬克思主義在青年利奧塔那里微妙地結合在一起。此后,利奧塔加入“社會主義或野蠻”這一托洛茨基主義的組織,他運用馬克思主義的分析方法對阿爾及利亞的反殖民斗爭和法國當時的無產階級狀況展開了論述,其中,對官僚主義的批判是利奧塔此時思想的一個核心。在“社會主義或野蠻”組織分裂之后,法國在1968年發(fā)生了大規(guī)模的學生和工人運動,這反映了法國國家官僚主義在面對國內外危機時的脆弱性,而面對當時法國文化和教育制度中存在的異化和壓抑現(xiàn)象,利奧塔開始求助于馬克思主義之外的另一股思想主流——弗洛伊德主義。利奧塔在批判拉康理論和構建自己的精神分析方法的過程中,弗洛伊德所使用的概念逐漸成為他對資本主義批判的基礎。與此同時,他在他的博士論文中構建出一個獨特的話語和圖形世界,通過發(fā)掘黑格爾和拉康理論中被埋沒的視覺因素,揭露總體性的意識形態(tài)對欲望原發(fā)過程的妨礙和欺騙。利奧塔還對當時流行的兩種馬克思的解讀模式,也就是呂貝爾的馬克思學和阿爾都塞的斷裂論提出了批評,然而在這種批評中,馬克思的概念逐漸被泛化為弗洛伊德主義和尼采主義的概念,利奧塔甚至通過虛構馬克思的形象來逃離政治經濟學,這意味著利奧塔的西方馬克思主義批判邏輯走向終結,對后現(xiàn)代的解釋開始成為他晚期思想的核心。本論文的基本任務是,在法國歷史和思想情境的研究和對利奧塔文本的細致考證的基礎上,說明利奧塔如何在動蕩的現(xiàn)實和思想潮流中一步一步地走向后現(xiàn)代思想,與此同時,他又如何一步一步地遠離他一開始所堅持的馬克思主義批判邏輯。不斷地從主流的歷史敘事中漂離出來,這是利奧塔思想的一個主要特征。本論文的第一章探討了青年利奧塔所面對的西方馬克思主義的語境,薩特和梅洛-龐蒂的存在主義馬克思主義對其產生了重要的影響。第二章和第三章結合了現(xiàn)實批判的語境,講述了利奧塔在“社會主義或野蠻”組織的經歷,他在阿爾及利亞戰(zhàn)爭和法國無產階級狀況分析中對馬克思主義方法的運用,以及他對1960年代法國知識分子狀況的歷史分析,解釋利奧塔轉向弗洛伊德主義的最初動因。第四章對于利奧塔為何嘗試偏離馬克思和弗洛伊德這兩大思想主流這一問題進行詳細的解讀,闡釋利奧塔走向弗洛伊德主義的內在邏輯。第五章集中解讀《話語,圖形》中的一條內在的批判線索,探討利奧塔對黑格爾哲學和拉康理論中的意識形態(tài)特征的批判。第六章探討利奧塔如何對兩種馬克思的解讀模式提出批評,以及這種批評背后反映出的利奧塔思想的轉向及其代價。第七章講述利奧塔通過將馬克思重新形象化而引申出一種具有反諷意味的“力比多經濟學”,從而試圖逃離出馬克思的政治經濟學的批判邏輯。結論部分解釋了利奧塔在1970年代中后期轉向后現(xiàn)代思想的實質內涵,提出對利奧塔后現(xiàn)代思想的更準確的理解,以及討論利奧塔這種轉向給我們帶來的經驗和教訓。在目前國內研究中,本論文是第一次以馬克思主義哲學為主要參照,對利奧塔早中期思想和文本進行深入解讀的著作,充分研究和借鑒了國外研究的主要成果,在研究內容的選取和解讀方面均有創(chuàng)新之處,對于反思西方馬克思主義思潮和后現(xiàn)代思潮的經驗和教訓,推進我國對馬克思主義哲學當代意義的討論有一定的參考價值。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly studies the Liotta (Jean-Francois Lyotard, 1924-1998) process of Marx's critical thought and its change of the early and mid twentieth Century the French philosopher, from after the Second World War to 1970s during this period, Liotta's thought from the experience of the western Marx socialist transition to postmodern thought. Liotta is from Sutter and Melo Pang with a phenomenological interpretation into critical logic of western theory of Marx, is trying to find out Marx's critique of capitalism in the Soviet Union Road, the phenomenology, existentialism and the Marx doctrine in the youth Liotta's subtle together. Since then, Liotta joined the "socialism or barbarism" the Trotsky doctrine, he analysis method Marx's theory of the anti colonial struggle in Algeria and France at the condition of the proletariat Exposition, criticism of bureaucracy which is a core idea. At this time Liotta after "socialism or barbarism" organization split, France has a large-scale movement of students and workers in 1968, which reflects the French state bureaucracy in the face of vulnerability at home and abroad during the crisis, in the face of alienation and oppression phenomenon the French culture and education system at that time, Liotta turned to Marx's other a mainstream ideology -- the Freud doctrine. Liotta in the critique of Lacan's theory and the construction of their own mental analysis method in the process of using the concept of Freud gradually become him on the basis of criticizing capitalism. At the same time, he constructed a unique words and graphics in the world in his doctoral dissertation, by exploring the theory of Hagel and Lacan buried visual factors, Jie The overall ideology of desire with primary process of obstruction and deception. Interpretation mode of two kinds of Lyotard also Marx was popular at the time, Rubel's Marx and Al Du Jose breaks the theory of criticism, but in this criticism, Marx's concept is gradually generalized concept for the Freud doctrine and Nietzsche. Even through the image of Marx, Lyotard fiction to escape political economics, which means that Lyotard's western Marx criticism towards the end of logic, modern interpretation has become the core of his later thought. The basic task of this paper is, based on French history and ideological situation and meticulous research on Lyotard's text. How to explain Lyotard step by step in the turbulent reality and ideological trend of postmodernism, at the same time, how could he step Marx's critique of logical step away from the beginning he insisted. Continuously from the historical narrative in the mainstream drift out, this is one of the main features of Liotta's thought. The first chapter of this thesis discusses the young Liotta facing the western theory of Marx Sutter and Melo context, Ponty's Existentialist Marx Marxism has an important influence on it. The second chapter and the third chapter combines the context of reality criticism, tells the story of Liotta in "socialism or barbarism" organization experience, his analysis on the war in Algeria and France in the proletariat of Marx's method, and his 1960s French intellectual status analysis, initial motivation Liotta turned to explain the Freud doctrine. The fourth chapter for why Liotta Marx and Freud try to deviate from the two mainstream ideology Detailed understanding of this problem, the internal logic interpretation of Liotta to the Freud doctrine. The fifth chapter focuses on interpreting "discourse, an internal critique of clues graphics > in the study of Liotta, criticism of the ideological characteristics of Hagel and Lacan's theory of philosophy. The sixth chapter discusses Liotta how to interpret the pattern of two kinds of Marx's criticism well, to this criticism reflect Liotta's thought and its price. The seventh chapter tells the story of Liotta and derives a irony of" Libido economics "by Marx to visualize, in order to escape from the critical logic of Marx's political economics. The conclusion explains the essence of Liotta in the late 1970s in turn modern thought, put forward a more accurate understanding of Liotta's postmodern thought, and discuss the Liotta turn 鍚戠粰鎴戜滑甯︽潵鐨勭粡楠屽拰鏁欒.鍦ㄧ洰鍓嶅浗鍐呯爺絀朵腑,鏈鏂囨槸絎竴嬈′互椹厠鎬濅富涔夊摬瀛︿負涓昏鍙傜収,瀵瑰埄濂ュ鏃╀腑鏈熸，

本文編號：1510318