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胡塞爾“生活世界的科學(xué)”初探

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-02-03 23:15

  本文關(guān)鍵詞: 胡塞爾 科學(xué)危機(jī) 生活世界的科學(xué) 超越論的現(xiàn)象 出處:《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文 論文類(lèi)型:學(xué)位論文


【摘要】:20世紀(jì)科學(xué)哲學(xué)的經(jīng)典流派,無(wú)論是邏輯實(shí)證主義、否證主義,還是歷史主義,都站在為科學(xué)辯護(hù)的分析哲學(xué)的立場(chǎng),圍繞科學(xué)的合理性問(wèn)題及科學(xué)發(fā)展的模式問(wèn)題,力圖揭示科學(xué)的本質(zhì)。但由于它們內(nèi)在的理論困境,致使科學(xué)哲學(xué)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)難以深入發(fā)展。在這種主流科學(xué)哲學(xué)的傳統(tǒng)之外,,還存在一種重要的科學(xué)哲學(xué)傳統(tǒng),即現(xiàn)象學(xué)傳統(tǒng)。這種傳統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)是對(duì)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)持尖銳的批判態(tài)度,著眼于對(duì)科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)和本質(zhì)進(jìn)行分析和批判,并嘗試通過(guò)重建科學(xué)的形而上學(xué)基礎(chǔ)來(lái)重構(gòu)科學(xué)的合理性。這一傳統(tǒng)的典型代表就是胡塞爾的科學(xué)哲學(xué)。胡塞爾作為現(xiàn)象學(xué)的奠基人,他始終關(guān)注著近代以來(lái)人類(lèi)文明發(fā)展中出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)重要的歷史現(xiàn)象,即科學(xué)現(xiàn)象,但是,他的科學(xué)哲學(xué)思想直到二十世紀(jì)九十年代以后,在人類(lèi)面臨的生存危機(jī)日漸嚴(yán)重的時(shí)候,才越來(lái)越顯示出極為重要的意義。 胡塞爾承認(rèn)科學(xué)的進(jìn)步,但他并不認(rèn)為科學(xué)的合理性問(wèn)題已經(jīng)得到了最終的證明。一般認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)或經(jīng)典物理學(xué)這些起典范作用的科學(xué)已經(jīng)具有了足夠的合理性,但在胡塞爾看來(lái)它們都不能為科學(xué)的合理性提供最終的有效說(shuō)明。胡塞爾認(rèn)為合理的科學(xué)理念必須由哲學(xué)來(lái)提供,建立一門(mén)作為嚴(yán)格科學(xué)的哲學(xué)——超越論現(xiàn)象學(xué),為科學(xué)奠基,則是他一生的哲學(xué)目標(biāo)。 本文主要關(guān)注胡塞爾在《歐洲科學(xué)的危機(jī)與超越論的現(xiàn)象學(xué)》著作中重建科學(xué)之基的努力。胡塞爾重建科學(xué)之基,其實(shí)是向歷史原初性,真實(shí)性的回溯,其目的就是回返“純粹的主觀性”。通過(guò)建立一種關(guān)于純粹主觀性的超越論現(xiàn)象學(xué),來(lái)破解所謂“主觀性之謎”,從而徹底解決科學(xué)的合理性問(wèn)題。本文主要依據(jù)胡塞爾晚期《危機(jī)》這個(gè)重要文本,回顧、比較胡塞爾思想的發(fā)展,系統(tǒng)挖掘、梳理胡塞爾關(guān)于回返生活世界,重建“生活世界的科學(xué)”之基礎(chǔ)的科學(xué)哲學(xué)思想。
[Abstract]:In 20th century, the classical schools of philosophy of science, whether logical positivism, disproof doctrine, or historicism, stood in the position of analytical philosophy defending science. Focusing on the rationality of science and the model of scientific development, this paper tries to reveal the essence of science, but because of their inherent theoretical dilemma. It is difficult to develop the philosophy of science for a long time. In addition to the tradition of the mainstream philosophy of science, there is an important tradition of philosophy of science. That is, phenomenological tradition, which is characterized by a sharp critical attitude towards modern science, focusing on the analysis and critique of the foundation and nature of science. The typical representative of this tradition is Husserl's philosophy of science. Husserl, as the founder of phenomenology, tries to reconstruct the rationality of science by reconstructing the metaphysical basis of science. He has always been concerned about an important historical phenomenon in the development of human civilization since modern times, that is, scientific phenomenon, but his philosophy of science until 1990s. It is only when the survival crisis of human being becomes more and more serious that it becomes more and more important. Husserl acknowledged the progress of science. However, he does not think that the rationality of science has been finally proved. It is generally believed that the typical science of mathematics or classical physics already has enough rationality. But in Husserl's view, neither of them can provide the ultimate effective explanation for the rationality of science. Husserl believes that reasonable scientific ideas must be provided by philosophy. To establish a philosophy as a strict science-transcendental phenomenology and lay the foundation for science is his philosophical goal in his whole life. This paper focuses on Husserl's efforts to reconstruct the foundation of science in his book "crisis of Science in Europe and phenomenology of Transcendence". Husserl's reconstruction of the foundation of science is in fact a retrospect of historical originality and authenticity. The purpose is to return "pure subjectivity" and to solve the so-called "mystery of subjectivity" by establishing a transcendental phenomenology on pure subjectivity. In order to solve the rationality of science. This article mainly based on the later Husserl "crisis" this important text, review, compare the development of Husserl thought, systematic mining, combing Husserl about returning to the world of life. The philosophy of science to rebuild the foundation of Science in the Life World.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:B516.52

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