本文關(guān)鍵詞： 必然性 后驗性 名稱 世界狀態(tài)　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：詞句的意義、模態(tài)和認(rèn)知特征及三者之間的關(guān)系在語義學(xué)中十分重要,在以克里普克為代表的哲學(xué)家對傳統(tǒng)的描述語義理論的顛覆后,意義、必然性和先天性不再具有一致性,后驗必然命題和先驗偶然命題便是新的語義理論的代表,與之相關(guān)的許多其他的語言學(xué)甚至是形而上學(xué)和認(rèn)識論上的觀點都需要被重新考察。本篇論文關(guān)注的是克里普克提出的后驗必然陳述,并嘗試從不同的角度對其進(jìn)行連釋,以期能了解后驗必然性的細(xì)節(jié)和在語義學(xué)中的影響。文章將分成三個部分論述,分別對應(yīng)克里普克、二維語義學(xué)和索姆斯對這個問題的討論,二維理論會被細(xì)分為幾種不同的模型來對待。有一些主題會一直貫穿前后文,包括后驗性與必然性的關(guān)系、他們分別具有何種特征、形而上學(xué)世界和認(rèn)識世界的聯(lián)系、怎樣在后驗必然命題中對待具體的詞類如專名和自然詞類、不同理論之間的連貫性、后驗必然性所歸屬的表達(dá)客體、這樣從克里普克的思考方向重述這種命題以及這種它的不同應(yīng)用、認(rèn)知內(nèi)涵在不同的對命題的定義下的不同體現(xiàn)等。最后的結(jié)論是,自然語言中確實存在后驗必然陳述但比較稀少,當(dāng)我們在理論上研究并應(yīng)用它時,必須注意它諸多方面的限制和它帶來的爭議。語句的真值被發(fā)現(xiàn)需要從兩個方面進(jìn)行考慮,反實際世界和可以具有不同特征的實際世界,認(rèn)知和模態(tài)具有根本上的不同,必然性可以從不同的角度被考量并且直接影響語義,命題的不同對待方式會帶來差別極大的語義理論,模態(tài)算子和認(rèn)知算子在二維理論里具有很復(fù)雜的關(guān)系,斯托內(nèi)克的二維模型在我看來是比較成功對克里普克后驗必然陳述的解釋和發(fā)展,索姆斯對克里普克和晚期二維理論的批判比較恰當(dāng),而對早期的二維理論則過于嚴(yán)苛而忽視了其積極的方面。
[Abstract]:The meaning, modal and cognitive characteristics of words and sentences and the relationship between them are very important in semantics. After the disruption of the traditional descriptive semantic theory by the philosopher represented by Kripke, the meaning is very important. Necessity and congenital are no longer consistent, posteriori inevitable proposition and transcendental accidental proposition are the representatives of the new semantic theory. Many other linguistic and even metaphysical and epistemological viewpoints related to it need to be revisited. This paper focuses on the posteriori inevitable statement put forward by Kripke. In order to understand the details of posteriori necessity and its influence in semantics, this article will be divided into three parts, corresponding to Kripke. Two-dimensional semantics and Soames's discussion of this issue, two-dimensional theory will be subdivided into several different models to deal with, there are some topics will always run through the text, including the relationship between posteriori and inevitability. They have what characteristics, metaphysical world and understanding of the world, how to deal with specific parts of speech such as proper names and natural parts of speech in the posteriori inevitable proposition, the coherence between different theories. The object of expression to which the posterior necessity belongs, so that the proposition and its different applications are restated from the direction of Kripke's thinking. The final conclusion is that posteriori inevitable statements do exist in natural language but are rare when we study and apply them in theory. We must pay attention to its limitations in many aspects and the controversy it brings. The true value of the statement is found to need to be considered from two aspects, the anti-real world and the actual world with different characteristics. Cognition and modality are fundamentally different. Inevitability can be considered from different angles and directly affect semantics. Different treatment of propositions will lead to great differences in semantic theory. Modal operators and cognitive operators have a very complex relationship in two-dimensional theory. Stonecker's two-dimensional model is, in my opinion, a more successful explanation and development of Kripke's posteriori inevitable statement. Soames's criticism of Kripke's and late two-dimensional theory is more appropriate, while the early two-dimensional theory is too strict and neglects its positive aspects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B085
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本文編號：1480739