膽固醇轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白NPC1L1對(duì)結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞增殖的調(diào)控作用及分子機(jī)制研究
本文選題:尼曼-匹克C1型類似蛋白 + 核因子kappa; 參考:《第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文
【摘要】:一、研究背景代謝異常是惡性腫瘤的重要特征。代謝改變不僅為腫瘤細(xì)胞輸送維持惡性生物學(xué)特性所需的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)和能量,也向其源源不斷傳遞不受限制的生長(zhǎng)信號(hào)。對(duì)于腫瘤代謝研究的關(guān)注始于二十世紀(jì)初Warburg效應(yīng)的發(fā)現(xiàn):正常細(xì)胞主要通過氧化磷酸化和三羧酸循環(huán)分解葡萄糖獲得能量,而腫瘤細(xì)胞即使在供氧充足的情況下也更傾向于利用糖酵解分解葡萄糖,伴隨產(chǎn)生大量的乳酸。經(jīng)過近一個(gè)世紀(jì)對(duì)腫瘤代謝的探索,以Warburg效應(yīng)為代表的代謝重編程研究早已經(jīng)突破了糖酵解和三羧酸循環(huán)的局限,許多代謝通路包括脂肪酸代謝,谷氨酰胺代謝,絲氨酸代謝和膽固醇代謝等,都被發(fā)現(xiàn)在腫瘤細(xì)胞中有代謝改變的現(xiàn)象。其中膽固醇代謝異常在腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展中的作用逐漸受到重視,但對(duì)其分子機(jī)制的研究還比較缺乏。膽固醇在人體中發(fā)揮非常重要的生理功能,它不直接提供能量,卻是合成膽汁、維生素D和甾體激素的必須原料,更重要的是它是構(gòu)成細(xì)胞膜的主要成分。細(xì)胞膜表面由豐富膽固醇和鞘磷脂組成的微結(jié)構(gòu)域脂筏作為功能平臺(tái)聚集各種信號(hào)分子,直接參與并調(diào)控了許多重要的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路。正常生理狀態(tài)下的膽固醇代謝包括外源和血漿膽固醇的吸收攝取、內(nèi)源膽固醇合成以及膽固醇的流出三個(gè)方面,共同維持細(xì)胞及人體內(nèi)的膽固醇動(dòng)態(tài)平衡。尼曼-匹克C1型類似蛋白(Niemann-Pick C1-like 1,NPC1L1)是外源膽固醇轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的關(guān)鍵蛋白,是臨床上廣泛應(yīng)用的降脂藥物依折麥布的作用靶點(diǎn)。2008年,一項(xiàng)大型臨床研究報(bào)告顯示,服用含有依折麥布藥物的患者腫瘤發(fā)生率明顯高于安慰劑組(105vs.70,P=0.01)。盡管人們對(duì)于這一結(jié)論尚存在爭(zhēng)議,但很快動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中也發(fā)現(xiàn)類似的現(xiàn)象:在致癌劑誘導(dǎo)的乳腺癌動(dòng)物模型中依折麥布能夠促進(jìn)腫瘤的惡性增殖,然而機(jī)制尚不清楚。基于多種腫瘤中發(fā)現(xiàn)的膽固醇代謝異,F(xiàn)象,NPC1L1在膽固醇代謝中的重要作用以及NPC1L1靶點(diǎn)藥物依折麥布的致癌爭(zhēng)議,我們推測(cè)膽固醇轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白NPC1L1可能在腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展中扮演重要角色。結(jié)直腸癌是消化道常見的惡性腫瘤,而脂質(zhì)代謝包括膽固醇代謝的異常與其發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān),我們對(duì)175例臨床結(jié)直腸癌患者標(biāo)本的檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn),NPC1L1在結(jié)直腸癌組織中的表達(dá)明顯低于對(duì)應(yīng)癌旁組織,其表達(dá)與臨床預(yù)后呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。因此我們進(jìn)一步推測(cè),NPC1L1的低表達(dá)對(duì)于結(jié)直腸癌的發(fā)生和發(fā)展可能具有重要調(diào)控作用。二、研究目的:1.研究NPC1L1在人結(jié)腸癌組織中的表達(dá)及臨床意義。2.研究NPC1L1對(duì)結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞惡性增殖能力的作用和分子機(jī)制。3.探討自噬抑制劑聯(lián)用TW-37對(duì)逆轉(zhuǎn)NPC1L1缺失引起的結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞增殖表型的作用和分子機(jī)制。三、研究材料與方法:1.結(jié)直腸癌組織芯片的免疫組織化學(xué)染色用于檢測(cè)NPC1L1在結(jié)直腸癌及癌旁組織的表達(dá)及臨床相關(guān)性。2.NPC1L1基因敲除的APCmin/+腫瘤小鼠模型用于研究NPC1L1表達(dá)缺失對(duì)腸道腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展的影響。3.CRISPR/Cas9技術(shù)構(gòu)建NPC1L1基因敲除的人結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞系用于體外增殖能力檢測(cè)及機(jī)制研究。4.基于慢病毒載體建立NPC1L1敲減及過表達(dá)的人結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞系用于體外增殖能力檢測(cè)及機(jī)制研究。四、研究結(jié)果:1.人結(jié)直腸組織中表達(dá)NPC1L1,與正常組織相比,人結(jié)直腸癌癌組織低表達(dá)。NPC1L1在癌組織中的低表達(dá)與臨床預(yù)后不良密切相關(guān)。2.NPC1L1敲除的APCmin/+腫瘤小鼠模型腸道腫瘤數(shù)量和腫瘤大小明顯增加,腫瘤負(fù)荷顯著加重。3.CRISPR/Cas9技術(shù)構(gòu)建NPC1L1基因敲除的人結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞系,基于慢病毒載體構(gòu)建NPC1L1敲減和過表達(dá)的人結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞系,使用克隆形成、CCK-8實(shí)驗(yàn)和裸鼠移植瘤實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)NPC1L1表達(dá)具有調(diào)控腫瘤細(xì)胞惡性增殖的能力。4.NPC1L1敲除降低結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇水平,同時(shí)抑制LXRα信號(hào)通路和激活SREBP2信號(hào)通路。使用特異性藥物激活LXRα或抑制SREBP2對(duì)NPC1L1敲除引起的核因子kappa B(Nuclear Factor Kappa B,NF-κB)信號(hào)通路和增殖表型沒有明顯影響。使用環(huán)糊精和環(huán)糊精/膽固醇調(diào)控細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇水平對(duì)NF-κB信號(hào)通路也沒有明顯影響。此外,回復(fù)表達(dá)野生型NPC1L1和L216A突變的NPC1L1對(duì)NF-κB信號(hào)通路和增殖表型具有相同的逆轉(zhuǎn)作用。5.NPC1L1缺失誘導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞自噬拮抗TW-37的促凋亡作用。自噬抑制劑聯(lián)用TW-37能夠顯著逆轉(zhuǎn)NPC1L1缺失引起的結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞增殖表型,自噬抑制增加結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞對(duì)TW-37誘導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞凋亡的敏感性。五、結(jié)論:1.NPC1L1在人結(jié)直腸癌組織中低表達(dá),其表達(dá)缺失與臨床預(yù)后不良相關(guān)。2.NPC1L1調(diào)控人結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞的惡性增殖。3.NPC1L1通過調(diào)控NF-κB信號(hào)通路作用于腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖表型。4.NPC1L1通過非膽固醇依賴方式調(diào)控NF-κB信號(hào)通路和腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖。5.自噬抑制劑聯(lián)用TW-37顯著抑制NPC1L1缺失引起的結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞增殖表型。
[Abstract]:First, the study of metabolic abnormalities is an important feature of malignant tumors. Metabolic changes not only deliver nutrients and energy for cancer cells to maintain malignant biological properties, but also transmit unrestricted growth signals to them. The attention to tumor metabolism research began with the discovery of the Warburg effect in early twentieth Century: normal thin. Cells are mainly obtained by oxidative phosphorylation and three carboxylic acid cycle decomposition of glucose, and tumor cells are also more inclined to use glycolysis to decompose glucose even if the supply of oxygen is sufficient. It is associated with the production of large amounts of lactic acid. After nearly a century of exploration of tumor metabolism, the metabolic reprogramming study represented by the Warburg effect has long been studied Through the limitations of glycolysis and three carboxylic acid cycles, many metabolic pathways, including fatty acid metabolism, glutamine metabolism, serine metabolism and cholesterol metabolism, have been found to have metabolic changes in tumor cells. The research is still scarce. Cholesterol plays a very important physiological function in the human body. It does not provide energy directly. It is the essential ingredient of the synthetic bile, vitamin D and steroid hormones. More importantly, it is the main component of the cell membrane. The surface of the cell membrane is made up of the lipid rafts, a microstructural domain consisting of cholesterol and sphingomyelin, which is composed of cholesterol and sphingomyelin. The functional platform aggregates a variety of signal molecules and directly participates in and regulates many important signal transduction pathways. The cholesterol metabolism in normal physiological state includes three aspects of exogenous and plasma cholesterol absorption, endogenous cholesterol synthesis and cholesterol efflux, and the dynamic balance of cholesterol in human cells and in human body. Niemann - the PEAK C1 - like protein (Niemann-Pick C1-like 1, NPC1L1) is the key protein of exogenous cholesterol transport. It is a clinically widely used lipid lowering drug based on the target of C1. A large clinical study showed that the incidence of cancer in patients with eip-mb drugs was significantly higher than that of the placebo group (105vs.70, P=0.). 01. Despite the controversy over this conclusion, a similar phenomenon has been found in animal experiments: in the animal model of carcinogen induced breast cancer, the mechanism is not clear. However, the mechanism is not clear. Based on the abnormal cholesterol metabolism found in many kinds of tumors, NPC1L1 is in the metabolism of cholesterol. The important role of the drug and the carcinogenic controversy of the NPC1L1 target drug, according to the carcinogenic dispute of MB, we speculate that the cholesterol transporter NPC1L1 may play an important role in the development of the tumor. Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor in the digestive tract, and the lipid metabolism, including cholesterol metabolism, is closely related to its development and development. We have 175 cases of cancer. The detection of clinical colorectal cancer specimens showed that the expression of NPC1L1 in colorectal cancer tissues was significantly lower than that of the adjacent cancerous tissues, and the expression was negatively correlated with the clinical prognosis. Therefore, we further speculate that the low expression of NPC1L1 may have important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. Two, the purpose of this study is to study 1. NP Expression and clinical significance of C1L1 in human colon cancer tissue.2. study the role of NPC1L1 on the malignant proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and molecular mechanism.3. explore the role and molecular mechanism of the autophagy inhibitor combined with TW-37 to reverse the proliferation phenotype of colorectal cancer cells induced by NPC1L1 deletion. Three, research materials and methods: 1. colorectal carcinoma tissue core Immunohistochemical staining for detecting the expression of NPC1L1 in colorectal cancer and para cancer tissue and the clinical relevance of.2.NPC1L1 gene knockout in APCmin/+ tumor mice model to study the effect of NPC1L1 expression deletion on the development of intestinal cancer,.3.CRISPR/Cas9 technology to construct NPC1L1 gene knockout human colorectal cancer cell lines Detection and mechanism of proliferation ability in vitro.4. based on lentivirus vector to establish NPC1L1 knockout and overexpressed human colorectal cancer cell lines used in vitro proliferation ability detection and mechanism study. Four. Results: 1. human colorectal tissues express NPC1L1, compared with normal tissues, the low expression of.NPC1L1 in human colorectal cancer tissues is in the cancer tissue The number and size of the intestinal tumor in the.2.NPC1L1 knockout APCmin/+ mouse model with low expression and poor clinical prognosis is significantly increased. The tumor load significantly aggravates the.3.CRISPR/Cas9 technique for the construction of human colorectal cancer cell lines with NPC1L1 knockout, and the construction of NPC1L1 knockout and overexpressed human colorectal cancer based on the lentivirus vector Cell lines, using clone formation, CCK-8 experiment and nude mice transplanted tumor verified that NPC1L1 expression has the ability to regulate the malignant proliferation of tumor cells,.4.NPC1L1 knockout reduces the cholesterol level in the cells of colorectal cancer cells, inhibits the LXR alpha signaling pathway and activates the SREBP2 signaling pathway. Using specific drugs to activate LXR a or inhibit SREBP2 to N The nuclear factor kappa B (Nuclear Factor Kappa B, NF- kappa B) signaling pathway and the proliferation phenotype were not significantly affected by PC1L1 knockout. Cholesterol levels in cyclodextrin and cyclodextrin / cholesterol were not significantly affected by NF- kappa B signaling pathway. The pathways and proliferating phenotypes have the same reversal effect on the apoptosis inducing effect of autophagy induced by.5.NPC1L1 deletion of TW-37. Autophagy inhibitor combined with TW-37 can significantly reverse the proliferation phenotype of colorectal cancer cells induced by NPC1L1 deletion, and autophagy inhibits the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to TW-37 induced apoptosis. Five, conclusion: 1.N Low expression of PC1L1 in human colorectal cancer tissue, its lack of expression is associated with poor clinical prognosis..2.NPC1L1 regulates malignant proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells by regulating NF- kappa B signaling pathway in tumor cell proliferation phenotype,.4.NPC1L1 regulation of NF- kappa B signaling pathway and tumor cell proliferation by non cholesterol dependent manner. Phage inhibitor combined with TW-37 significantly inhibited the proliferation phenotype of colorectal cancer cells induced by NPC1L1 deletion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號(hào)】:R735.34
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9 ;降低結(jié)直腸癌復(fù)發(fā)有新療法[N];人民日?qǐng)?bào);2003年
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