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抗肺癌小分子藥物的篩選及其作用機(jī)制的研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-05-17 00:09

  本文選題:非小細(xì)胞肺癌 + 化療。 參考:《吉林大學(xué)》2015年博士論文


【摘要】:肺癌是近年來發(fā)病率和死亡率唯一逐年上升的惡性腫瘤,已成為是世界范圍內(nèi)癌性死亡的主要原因。肺癌分為小細(xì)胞肺癌(Small Cell Lung Cancer,SCLC)和非小細(xì)胞肺癌(Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer,NSCLC),其中約占85%的肺癌患者為NSCLC,且絕大多數(shù)在診斷時(shí)已是晚期,失去了手術(shù)治療機(jī)會(huì)。目前,化療在晚期肺癌的治療中仍起著重要的作用。以鉑類為基礎(chǔ)的化療藥物對(duì)肺癌患者的生存率并無顯著提高,且存在一定的毒副作用,即使隨著靶向治療藥物的出現(xiàn),晚期轉(zhuǎn)移性NSCLC患者的生存率也只有一年左右。因此,高效低毒副作用抗癌藥物的研發(fā)對(duì)提高NSCLC患者遠(yuǎn)期生存率提供了廣闊的研究平臺(tái)。 最近的研究表明,誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡是化療藥物抗腫瘤治療的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素,已成為國際腫瘤研究的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn),也成為篩選抗癌藥物的新靶點(diǎn)。因此,對(duì)一些選擇性針對(duì)關(guān)鍵凋亡靶點(diǎn)藥物的發(fā)現(xiàn)與研究,可能為肺癌的治療提供一個(gè)合理的新方法。 許多傳統(tǒng)中藥因其合理的結(jié)構(gòu)、確切的活性與較高的穩(wěn)定性,衍生出大量的臨床抗腫瘤化學(xué)藥物,因此傳統(tǒng)中藥的小分子化合物的研究在抗癌藥物的研發(fā)中占據(jù)十分重要的地位。許多傳統(tǒng)中藥中的有效成分具有誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡的作用,這些有效成分針對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞惡性增殖的基因靶點(diǎn),選擇性的誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡,而對(duì)正常細(xì)胞不產(chǎn)生影響,為腫瘤的治療提供了新的研究策略,為提高NSCLC患者的治療結(jié)果提供的新的希望。 血竭素是一種傳統(tǒng)的中藥,常用于止血或治療損傷,血竭素高氯酸鹽(Dracorhodin perchlorate,DP)是一種人工合成的血竭素類似物,有報(bào)道發(fā)現(xiàn),DP可以誘導(dǎo)人宮頸癌細(xì)胞、人黑色素瘤細(xì)胞、人乳腺癌細(xì)胞、人胃腺癌細(xì)胞等惡性腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡。蟾酥已作為重要的抗癌劑廣泛應(yīng)用,可提高癌癥病人的生活質(zhì)量,華蟾酥毒基(Cinobufagin,CG)是蟾酥的主要化合物之一,在一些腫瘤細(xì)胞中具有顯著的抗腫瘤效果,如人肝癌細(xì)胞、宮頸癌細(xì)胞、前列腺癌細(xì)胞等。然而,DP和CG在抗肺癌治療方面及其發(fā)揮作用的分子機(jī)制尚未見報(bào)道。異土木香內(nèi)酯(Dehydrocostus lactone,DL)是傳統(tǒng)中藥木香中的主要藥效成分,在人前列腺癌細(xì)胞、人白血病細(xì)胞中均有良好的抗癌活性,并能誘導(dǎo)人肺腺癌和大細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞凋亡,但在人肺鱗癌SK-MES-1細(xì)胞中的作用及其機(jī)制尚未見報(bào)道。因此我們的研究目的是探討DP和CG對(duì)人NSCLC細(xì)胞的影響,,以及DL對(duì)人肺鱗癌細(xì)胞的抑制作用。 在本研究中,選取了四種NSCLC細(xì)胞株,人肺鱗癌SK-MES-1細(xì)胞、人肺腺癌A549細(xì)胞、人大細(xì)胞肺癌H460細(xì)胞和人非小細(xì)胞肺癌H1299細(xì)胞進(jìn)行體外培養(yǎng),通過MTT細(xì)胞增殖實(shí)驗(yàn),我們發(fā)現(xiàn)DP和CG可顯著抑制NSCLC細(xì)胞增殖,通過流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè),發(fā)現(xiàn)DP和CG可顯著誘導(dǎo)NSCLC細(xì)胞凋亡。這種生長(zhǎng)抑制效應(yīng)及凋亡誘導(dǎo)效應(yīng)呈明顯的濃度量效關(guān)系。 首先,我們使用人肺鱗癌SK-MES-1細(xì)胞作為實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)P脱芯緿P的抗癌機(jī)制。通過流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞周期分布,結(jié)果顯示DP誘導(dǎo)SK-MES-1細(xì)胞周期阻滯在G1/G0期。通過流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)線粒體膜電位(MitochondrialMembrane Potential,MMP)及細(xì)胞內(nèi)活性氧(Reactive Oxygen Species,ROS)水平,結(jié)果顯示,DP可明顯降低細(xì)胞MMP,增加ROS水平。通過蛋白免疫印跡觀察細(xì)胞周期及凋亡通路調(diào)控蛋白表達(dá)變化,結(jié)果顯示,DP能明顯增加p53蛋白的表達(dá),同時(shí)抑制G1期調(diào)控蛋白,成視網(wǎng)膜細(xì)胞瘤蛋白(retinoblastomaprotein,Rb)的表達(dá),這些結(jié)果表明在DP的作用下可以激活p53信號(hào)通路,其轉(zhuǎn)錄形成的復(fù)合物與Rb蛋白結(jié)合,從而抑制pRb活性,阻滯細(xì)胞周期在G1期。同時(shí)我們還觀察到DP通過上調(diào)促凋亡蛋白Bax和下調(diào)抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2,降低線粒體膜電位,從而激活線粒體凋亡信號(hào)通路,促進(jìn)促凋亡因子釋放,激活下游天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,caspase),即caspase凋亡蛋白酶的級(jí)聯(lián)反應(yīng),最終裂解其底物,多腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶(Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase,PARP)。此外,我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)凋亡誘導(dǎo)因子(Apoptosis Inducing Factor,AIF)的表達(dá)增高,表明DP可能還通過誘導(dǎo)caspase非依賴的細(xì)胞凋亡途徑誘導(dǎo)NSCLC細(xì)胞凋亡。 其次,我們使用人非小細(xì)胞肺癌H1299細(xì)胞作為實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)P瓦M(jìn)一步研究小分子藥物CG的抗癌機(jī)制。H1299細(xì)胞為p53基因缺失的細(xì)胞株,p53蛋白表達(dá)缺失。我們通過流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞周期分布,結(jié)果顯示,CG阻滯H1299細(xì)胞周期在G2/M期。同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)CG能顯著上調(diào)ROS水平,破壞細(xì)胞MMP,并且,當(dāng)腫瘤細(xì)胞給予N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine,NAC)預(yù)處理時(shí),即一種ROS抑制劑,細(xì)胞凋亡及MMP降低明顯受阻斷,這些結(jié)果表明CG誘導(dǎo)的H1299細(xì)胞凋亡是ROS依賴的。通過蛋白免疫印跡觀察細(xì)胞凋亡通路調(diào)控蛋白表達(dá)變化,結(jié)果顯示,促凋亡蛋白Bax表達(dá)增加,抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表達(dá)減少,表明線粒體途徑被激活,同時(shí),caspase-9及caspase-3被激活,伴隨著PARP的裂解,表明caspase途徑的參與,最終導(dǎo)致染色質(zhì)濃縮和DNA降解,觸發(fā)細(xì)胞凋亡。 此外,我們還使用人肺鱗癌SK-MES-1細(xì)胞作為實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)P脱芯緿L的抗癌機(jī)制。通過MTT實(shí)驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)DL可明顯抑制肺鱗癌細(xì)胞的增殖。通過流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞周期分布,結(jié)果顯示DL阻滯SK-MES-1細(xì)胞周期在G1/G0期。通過流式細(xì)胞術(shù)還發(fā)現(xiàn),DL可明顯誘導(dǎo)人肺鱗癌SK-MES-1細(xì)胞凋亡。通過蛋白免疫印跡觀察細(xì)胞凋亡通路調(diào)控蛋白表達(dá)變化,結(jié)果顯示,p53表達(dá)增高,促凋亡蛋白Bax表達(dá)增加,抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表達(dá)減少,同時(shí)caspase-3被激活,伴隨PARP的裂解,這些數(shù)據(jù)表明在DL誘導(dǎo)的人肺鱗癌細(xì)胞凋亡過程中,發(fā)生了p53介導(dǎo)的線粒體途徑激活。 本研究通過不同人肺癌細(xì)胞株研究小分子藥物DP、DL、CG的抗肺癌作用及其分子機(jī)制,結(jié)果表明,小分子藥物DP和DL通過激活p53信號(hào)通路誘導(dǎo)SK-MES-1細(xì)胞凋亡,CG通過ROS依賴的方式誘導(dǎo)H1299細(xì)胞凋亡,這三種藥物都激活線粒體凋亡途徑。由此可見無論是DP、DL還是CG都可能發(fā)展成為潛在的抗肺癌治療的化療藥物,這也進(jìn)一步為其進(jìn)入臨床提供了理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Lung cancer is the only malignant tumor which has been increasing in recent years and has become the main cause of cancer death in the world . The lung cancer is divided into small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) and non - small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) .

Recent studies have shown that inducing apoptosis of tumor cells is a key factor in the anti - tumor therapy of chemotherapeutic drugs , which has become a hot spot in international tumor research and a new target for screening anti - cancer drugs . Therefore , it is possible to provide a reasonable new method for the treatment of lung cancer .

Many traditional Chinese medicines have a reasonable structure , exact activity and high stability , and a large amount of clinical anti - tumor chemical drugs are derived . Therefore , the research of the small molecule compounds of traditional Chinese medicines occupies a very important position in the development of anti - cancer drugs . The effective components in many traditional Chinese medicines have the function of inducing apoptosis of tumor cells , and the effective components of the traditional Chinese medicines can selectively induce apoptosis of tumor cells , thereby providing a new research strategy for the treatment of tumor cells , and providing a new hope for improving the treatment outcome of NSCLC patients .

The effect of DP and CG on human lung cancer cells , human leukemia cells , human breast cancer cells and human gastric cancer cells has not been reported . However , the effect of DP and CG on human lung cancer cells and human leukemia cells has not been reported .

In this study , four NSCLC cell lines , human lung squamous cell carcinoma SK - MES - 1 cells , human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells , human lung cancer H460 cells and human non - small cell lung cancer cells were cultured in vitro .

The results showed that DP could significantly decrease the expression of p53 protein and decrease the level of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) . The results showed that DP could significantly decrease the expression of p53 protein and inhibit the expression of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) in G1 phase . In addition , we found that the expression of apoptosis - inducing factor ( Df ) increased , suggesting that DP might also induce apoptosis in NSCLC by inducing caspase - dependent apoptosis .

The results showed that the expression of caspase - 9 and caspase - 3 increased , and caspase - 9 and caspase - 3 were activated . The results showed that the expression of pro - apoptotic protein Bax increased and the expression of anti - apoptotic protein Bcl - 2 was decreased .

In addition , we also used human lung squamous cell carcinoma SK - MES - 1 cells as an experimental model to study the anti - cancer mechanism of DL . By MTT assay , it was found that DL could significantly inhibit the proliferation of human lung squamous cell carcinoma . The results showed that the expression of apoptotic protein Bcl - 2 was increased by flow cytometry . The results showed that the expression of p53 was increased , the expression of pro - apoptotic protein Bax increased , the expression of anti - apoptotic protein Bcl - 2 was decreased , and caspase - 3 was activated . The data showed that p53 - mediated mitochondrial pathway activation occurred during the apoptosis of human lung squamous carcinoma cells induced by DL .

In this study , the effect of small molecule drug DP , DL , CG on lung cancer and its molecular mechanism were studied by different lung cancer cell lines . The results showed that the small molecule drugs DP and DL induced apoptosis of SK - MES - 1 cells by activating p53 signaling pathway .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號(hào)】:R734.2

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