【摘要】：水是生命之源，是人類賴以生存和發(fā)展最重要物質(zhì)資源之一。生活飲用水安全衛(wèi)生是衡量社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和人類生活質(zhì)量的重要指標，，也是影響人類生命健康的重要因素。 目的： 通過對2009年-2011年吉林市城市生活飲用水水質(zhì)的監(jiān)測，了解吉林市生活飲用水的衛(wèi)生狀況，為保障吉林市人民群眾的生活飲用水衛(wèi)生安全及為有關部門制定科學、有效的監(jiān)管措施提供依據(jù)。 方法： 按照國家標準《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標準》（GB/T5749-2006）的方法，在吉林市區(qū)選擇54個供水點作為監(jiān)測點，在吉林市農(nóng)村選擇36個監(jiān)測點。采集水樣類型分別為：市政供水水源水、出廠水、末梢水、二次供水；自建水廠的水源水、出廠水、末梢水；鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)自來水站的出廠水、末梢水；農(nóng)村分散式供水的井水和農(nóng)戶儲水器中的水；農(nóng)村用水的水源水、出廠水、末梢水。 按照國家標準《生活飲用水標準檢驗方法》（GB/T5750-2006）的要求，檢測了微生物、毒理學、感官性狀和一般化學及放射性四大類指標35個項目，其中城市生活飲用水水源水、出廠水檢測了35個項目，管網(wǎng)末梢水檢測了22個項目，對農(nóng)村生活飲用水井水、水源水、出廠水、末梢水檢測了35個項目，對二次供水檢測22個項目。 采用EXCEL2007建立數(shù)據(jù)庫對檢測數(shù)據(jù)進行分析。 結(jié)果： 1、2009年-2011年吉林市生活飲用水微生物指標各單項檢測項目監(jiān)測結(jié)果 2010年出廠水和末梢水樣品中微生物指標的4個項目的合格率均高于80%，但是2009年和2011年末梢水樣品中均有兩個項目總大腸菌群的合格率和菌落總數(shù)的合格率低于80%。 井水和水源水樣品中微生物指標大腸埃希氏菌的合格率均達到85%以上。2010年和2011年水源水的耐熱大腸菌群的合格率分別為87.5%和88.9%。2009年和2010年水源水的菌落總數(shù)的合格率均為80%。井水和水源水其余各項目的合格率均低于80%。 二次供水樣品微生物指標中，2009年和2011年耐熱大腸菌群和大腸埃希氏菌分別采集樣品1件和2件，合格率均為100%，2011年沒有采集樣品。2009年-2011年微生物指標其余兩項的合格率均高于85%。 2、2009年-2011年吉林市生活飲用水毒理學指標各單項檢測項目監(jiān)測結(jié)果 井水、水源水、出廠水和末梢水樣品中毒理學指標的11個項目的合格率都比較高，合格率接近90%。只有2010年和2011年井水樣品的硝酸鹽合格率分別為56.1%和67.9%及2010年水源水樣品的硝酸鹽合格率為76%除外。 二次供水樣品毒理學指標中，2009年采集樣品1件和2010年采集樣品2件，11個項目的合格率均為100%，2011年沒有采集樣品。 3、2009年-2011年吉林市生活飲用水感官性狀和一般化學指標各單項檢測項目監(jiān)測結(jié)果 出廠水樣品中感官性狀和一般化學指標的18個項目中，除了2011年的色度合格率為59.8%，2009年-2011年的渾濁度合格率分別為75%、65%和61.8%以外，其余各項目合格率均高于80%。 水源水、末梢水和二次供水樣品中感官性狀和一般化學指標的18個項目中，除了色度、渾濁度和耗氧量以外，其余15個項目的合格率均可達到80%以上。其中二次供水樣品感官性狀和一般化學指標中，鋁、銅、鋅、氯化物、硫酸鹽、溶解性總固體、總硬度、揮發(fā)酚類和陰離子合成洗滌劑9個項目中，2009年采集樣品1件和2010年采集樣品2件，合格率均為100%，2011年沒有采集樣品。 井水樣品中感官性狀和一般化學指標的18個項目中，除了色度、渾濁度、肉眼可見物、鐵、錳和氨氮以外，其余12個項目的合格率均可達到80%以上。 4、2009年-2011年吉林市生活飲用水放射性指標各單項檢測項目監(jiān)測結(jié)果 2009年-2011年吉林市生活飲用水所有檢測水樣總β放射性項目的合格率都達到了100%；總α放射性項目除了2009年出廠水的合格率為96.2%以外，其余水樣類型總α放射性項目的合格率也都達到了100%。 二次供水樣品放射性指標中，2009年采集樣品1件和2010年采集樣品1件，2個項目的合格率均為100%，2011年沒有采集樣品。 結(jié)論： 1.2009年-2011年吉林市生活飲用水放射性指標的合格率近100%，除了2009年合格率為99%。表明該地區(qū)的生活飲用水無放射源污染。 2.2009年-2011年吉林市生活飲用水毒理學指標中11個項目有10個項目的合格率比較高，僅硝酸鹽1個項的合格率偏低。 3.2009年-2011年吉林市生活飲用水微生物指標中4個項目的出廠水、末梢水、二次供水的合格率均能達到80%左右。但井水、水源水的總大腸菌群、耐熱大腸菌群、菌落總數(shù)的合格率偏低。 4.2009年-2011年吉林市生活飲用水感官性狀和一般化學指標中18個項目中，除色度、渾濁度，耗氧量的合格率偏低外，其余項目的合格率均能達到80%左右，但井水的肉眼可見物、鐵、錳、氨氮的合格率均偏低。
[Abstract]:Water is the source of life and is one of the most important material resources for the survival and development of mankind. The safety and health of drinking water is an important index to measure the social and economic development and the quality of human life. It is also an important factor that affects the health of human life. order : By monitoring the water quality of drinking water in the city of Jilin City from 2009 to 2011, the sanitary situation of drinking water in Jilin City is known, so as to guarantee the health and safety of drinking water for people in Jilin City and to formulate scientific and effective supervision measures for relevant departments. for the basis of Method: According to the method of national standard (GB/ T5749-2006),54 water supply points are selected as monitoring points in the city of Jilin City and selected in the rural area of Jilin City. 36 monitoring points are selected. The types of water samples are: municipal water supply source water, delivery water, peripheral water and secondary water supply; water source water, factory water and tip water of the self-built water plant; factory water and peripheral water from the water supply station of the township and town; well water and non-agricultural water in the rural distributed water supply water in a household water reservoir; water source water for rural water, Factory water and peripheral water. According to the requirements of the National Standard Test Method for Drinking Water Standard (GB/ T5750-2006),35 projects of the four major indexes of microorganism, toxicology, sensory and general chemistry and radioactivity were tested, among which, the urban domestic drinking water source water, the factory Thirty-five projects were tested by water, and 22 projects were detected in the water of the end of the pipe network, and 35 projects were tested for the well water, water source, the factory water and the peripheral water of the rural domestic drinking water, and the secondary water 22 items for water supply testing. Number of EXCEL2007 according to the library Analysis of test data. Results:1. Drinking water in Jilin City,2009-2011 The monitoring results of each individual test item of the microorganism index are the microorganism in the factory water and the peripheral water sample in 2010 The qualification rate of 4 items of the index is higher than 80%, but there are two project total coliform in the end water samples in 2009 and 2011 The qualified rate of the qualified rate and the total number of the colonies is lower than 80%. The qualified rate of the microorganism index E. coli in the well water and the water source water sample is above 85%. The qualified rate of the heat-resistant coliform bacteria in the water source water in 2010 and 2011 is 87.5% and 88.9%, respectively. In 2009 and 201, the qualified rate of the heat-resistant coliform bacteria in the water source water is 87.5% and 88.9%, respectively. The qualified rate of the total number of colonies in the water source water of 0 years is 80%. The well water and the qualified rate of the remaining products of the water and the water source water is lower than 80 percent. In the secondary water supply sample microbial index, the heat-resistant coliform bacteria and the Escherichia coli in 2009 and 2011 respectively collect the samples 1 and 2, the qualified rate is 100 percent, and the sample is not collected in 2011. In 2009-201, The qualified rate of the remaining two of the 1-year microbial index is higher than 85%.2,2009-2011 The toxicology indicators of the drinking water in Jilin City are used to detect the toxicology of well water, water source water, delivery water and peripheral water sample for each single item. The qualified rate of the 11 items of the index is high and the qualified rate is close to 90%. Only the qualified rate of nitrate in the well water samples in 2010 and 2011 is 56.1% and 67.9, respectively. The qualified rate of nitrate in the water source samples in% and 2010 was 76%. In the toxicology index of the secondary water supply samples,1 and 2 samples were collected in 2009. The qualified rate of 11 projects was 100%, no samples were collected in 2011.3,2009-2011 The sensory character and general chemical index of the drinking water in Jilin City Among the 18 items of the chemical index, in addition to the qualification rate of 59.8% in 2011, the qualification rate of the turbidity in 2009-2011 is respectively In addition to 75%,65% and 61.8%, the qualified rate of the remaining items is higher than 80%. Among the 18 items of the sensory and general chemical indicators in the water source water, the peripheral water and the secondary water supply sample, in addition to that color, the turbidity and the oxygen consumption, the qualified rate of the remaining 15 items can reach more than 80 percent, wherein, in the sensory and general chemical indexes of the secondary water supply sample, aluminum, copper, zinc, chloride, sulfate, total solubility of the total solid, the total hardness, the volatile phenol and the anion synthetic detergent are in 9 items, Sample 1 in 2009 and In 2010, two samples were collected and the qualified rate was 100%, and no samples were collected in 2011. Among the 18 items of the sensory and general chemical indicators in well water samples, in addition to the color and turbidity, The qualified rate of the remaining 12 items can reach over 80% except for the naked eye, iron, manganese and ammonia nitrogen. 4. Monitoring results of individual test items for drinking water in Jilin City,2009-2011,2009 -The qualified rate of all water samples of all water samples for drinking water in Jilin City in 2011 is 100%; the total radioactive radioactive project is in addition to the delivery water in 2009 In addition to the qualified rate of 96.2%, the qualified rate of the total radioactive water sample of the remaining water samples is 100%. In the radioactive index of the secondary water supply samples, the samples collected in 2009 1 piece and In 2010,1 sample was collected and the qualified rate of 2 items was 100%. No samples were collected in 2011. Conclusion: 1.200 9-2011 radiation of drinking water in Jilin City The qualified rate of sexual indicators is nearly 100%, with the exception of 99% in 2009, indicating that the drinking water in the area has no pollution to radioactive sources.-2011-2011 Among the 11 projects in the drinking water toxicology index in Jilin City, the qualified rate of 10 projects is high, and the qualified rate of only one item of nitrate is low. The factory water and peripheral water of the four projects in the drinking water micro-organism index of Jilin City in 2011, The qualified rate of secondary water supply can reach about 80%. However, the qualified rate of total coliform, heat-resistant coliform and total colony of well water and water source water is low. , in addition to the color, the turbidity, the consumption,
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R123.1

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