【摘要】：一、研究背景 人體的活動大體上分為體力和腦力勞動2種,都是在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)(由腦和脊髓組成)的統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào)下完成的�，F(xiàn)代社會中,雖然大多數(shù)人的體力勞動強度有所減輕,但腦力勞動強度卻明顯加重,再加上生活節(jié)奏加快和社會競爭等壓力的增大,最終導(dǎo)致腦力疲勞的人群不斷擴大,腦力疲勞程度也不斷加重。 因此,腦力疲勞以及由此發(fā)展而來的慢性疲勞綜合征,已經(jīng)嚴重威脅著普通人群的身心健康。同時,新形勢下武警部隊執(zhí)勤、處突、反恐任務(wù)增強,部隊訓(xùn)練任務(wù)日趨繁重,訓(xùn)練項目增多,強度也不斷加大,由軍事訓(xùn)練引發(fā)的運動性疲勞和精神性疲勞在基層部隊時�？梢�。因此,研究腦力疲勞發(fā)生機制及其預(yù)防策略具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。目前國內(nèi)外對疲勞的研究主要在對天然動植物、天然動植物提取物,還有氨基酸、維生素、輔酶Q咖啡因等,僅有數(shù)篇關(guān)于對中鏈脂肪酸能提高運動能力的報道。 中鏈脂肪酸(MCFA)是由6～12個碳原子構(gòu)成的,是自然界中含量比較少的脂肪酸,來源于棕櫚油、椰子油、乳類及其制品等,主要有辛酸(C8H16O2)和癸酸(C10H20O2)。MCFA在食物中以三酰甘油的形式存在,即中鏈三酰甘油(MCT)。中鏈三酰甘油消化吸收及利用途徑特殊,能夠被機體迅速的吸收利用,快速提供能量。查閱文獻可知,中鏈三酰甘油能夠降低血清三酰甘油和低密度脂蛋白；改善糖尿病人的胰島素抵抗；減少體脂肪積累,預(yù)防肥胖；提高免疫功能,防止細菌感染等。也有人體實驗證明,運動員食用中鏈脂肪酸,可以提高其運動能力。 本實驗采用動物實驗方法,通過在對大鼠飼料中添加中鏈三酰甘油并對大鼠進行睡眠剝奪來造成腦力疲勞模型,觀察研究中鏈三酰甘油對大鼠各項血脂生理指標(biāo)、抗氧化能力和學(xué)習(xí)認知能力的影響,并推測其作用機制,為中鏈三酰甘油是否具有緩解或加重腦力疲勞作用提供實驗依據(jù)和理論支持。 二、研究內(nèi)容 (一)目的 1、觀察評價中鏈三酰甘油對腦力疲勞是否具有緩解或加重作用； 2、推測中鏈三酰甘油對腦力疲勞作用的機制； 3、為中鏈三酰甘油與腦力疲勞間關(guān)系提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 (二)方法 1、實驗動物和分組 健康雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠35只,體重(150-160)g,由第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué)實驗動物中心購買。在實驗開始前,先行適應(yīng)性喂養(yǎng)1周。1w后,將35只大鼠進行迷宮測試,淘汰遲鈍者,留下30只,隨機分成5組,每組6只。分組情況如下：空白正常睡眠組(NC組)、空白睡眠剝奪組(SD組)、低劑量MCT組(LD組)、中劑量MCT組(MD組)和高劑量MCT組(HD組)。 2、實驗方法 用MCT粉劑訂制特定的飼料,用含低、中、高劑量MCT的飼料分別喂養(yǎng)LD組、MD組和HD組的大鼠,NC組和SD組大鼠則用不含MCT的原配方飼料喂養(yǎng)。每只大鼠每天限定飼料15g,飲水不限量。持續(xù)喂養(yǎng)4w,每天觀察飼料食用情況,每周稱量大鼠體重。每周對各組大鼠進行3次Y電迷宮訓(xùn)練,每只每次訓(xùn)練20次。4w后,大鼠禁食12h,麻醉并眼眶取血,血清在4℃3000r/min離心20min。正常飼養(yǎng)3天后,對大鼠進行連續(xù)72h睡眠剝奪。睡眠剝奪后,進行電迷宮測試,觀察各組大鼠的記憶認知能力；迷宮測試后,立即將大鼠麻醉,采集組織樣本。 3、樣本采集 迷宮測試后,立即將大鼠麻醉,迅速斷頭,快速在冰袋上分離腦干、海馬,在冰冷的生理鹽水中沖凈血漬,放入凍存管后投入液氮罐中暫時保存。取大鼠肝臟組織,同樣沖凈血漬后放入凍存管投入液氮罐中保存。所有組織取完時,將液氮中凍存管轉(zhuǎn)移至-75℃冰箱中保存待測。 4、指標(biāo)測定 (1)血生化指標(biāo)檢測用日立全自動生化儀測定總?cè)８视?total triglyceride,TG)、總膽固醇(total cholesterol, TC)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesferol, HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(low density lipoprotein cholestorol, LDL-C)含量。 (2)肝臟抗氧化指標(biāo)檢測按試劑盒操作方法檢測GSH-Px、SOD活性和MDA含量。 (3)腦干神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)檢測按3-CAT試劑盒說明測定去甲腎上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)、腎上腺素(adrenalin, AD)和多巴胺(dopamine, DA)的含量；按5-羥色胺試劑盒說明檢測5-羥色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)含量。 (4)海馬部分基因表達采用實時熒光定量PCR技術(shù),檢測NMDA受體亞單位NR1/NR2AmRNA以及GABA受體GABAARα1mRNA的表達水平。 5、數(shù)據(jù)處理 所有數(shù)據(jù)以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用SPSS18.0統(tǒng)計軟件進行方差分析,P0.05有統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異。 三、結(jié)果 1、MCT可以延緩大鼠體重增長(P0.05,P0.01),升高HDL/LDL比值(P0.05,P0.01),高劑量MCT可以降低大鼠血清TC和LDL-C (P0.01),中劑量和高劑量MCT會升高大鼠血清TG(P0.05),低劑量MCT升高大鼠血清HDL-C (P0.01)。 2、睡眠剝奪后,各劑量MCT組大鼠的迷宮反應(yīng)正確率均比SD組升高(P0.05,P0.01)。 3、中劑量MCT可以提高肝臟GSH-Px的活力(P0.05),降低MDA水平(P0.05),增強機體抗氧化能力。 4、MCT可以增加睡眠剝奪后大鼠腦干中去甲腎上腺素、腎上腺素、多巴胺的濃度(P0.05),降低腦干5-羥色胺水平(P0.05)。 5、MCT可以增加睡眠剝奪大鼠海馬內(nèi)NMDA受體亞單位NR1、NR2A的表達量(P0.05),減少GABAARα1的表達(P0.05)。 四、結(jié)論 1、MCT可以減緩大鼠體重增長,調(diào)節(jié)大鼠血脂水平。 2、MCT能夠提高睡眠剝奪后大鼠的抗氧化能力,防止氧化損傷。 3、MCT能夠通過調(diào)節(jié)腦干中單胺類遞質(zhì)水平和NMDA受體亞單位NR1/NR2A及GABA受體GABAARα1的表達量,減緩大鼠72h睡眠剝奪后的精神疲勞,提高其認知能力。
[Abstract]:I. Background of the study The activity of the human body is generally divided into two types of physical and cerebral, and is done under the unified coordination of the central nervous system (composed of the brain and the spinal cord). In the modern society, while the strength of the physical strength of most people is reduced, the strength of the brain is obviously increased, the pace of life and the increase of the social competition are combined with the increasing of the population of mental fatigue, and the level of mental fatigue is increasing. Heavy. As a result, mental fatigue and the chronic fatigue syndrome developed thereby have been a serious threat to the body of the general population At the same time, under the new situation, the armed police force is on duty, the position of the military police force and the anti-terrorism task are enhanced, the training tasks of the force are becoming more and more heavy, the training items are increased, the strength is also increasing, and the sports fatigue and the mental fatigue caused by the military training are at the grass-roots unit Therefore, it is important to study the mechanism of mental fatigue and its preventive strategy. At present, the research on fatigue at home and abroad is mainly on natural plant and plant, natural plant and plant extracts, and amino acids, vitamins, coenzyme Q caffeine, etc., only a few of the studies on the ability of medium-chain fatty acid to improve the ability to exercise The medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA), which is composed of 6 to 12 carbon atoms, is a relatively small amount of fatty acid in nature, and is derived from palm oil, coconut oil, milk and its products. It is mainly caprylic acid (C8H16O2) and capric acid (C10H20O2). MCFA is used as the triglyceride in the food. in the form of medium-chain triglycerides, (MCT). The digestion and absorption of medium-chain triglyceride and the utilization of the medium-chain triglyceride are special, and can be quickly absorbed and utilized by the body. It can be seen from the literature that medium-chain triglycerides can reduce serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein, improve insulin resistance of diabetic patients, reduce body fat accumulation, prevent obesity, and improve immune function and prevent It also has a human body experiment to prove that the athletes can increase the medium-chain fatty acid and can improve the quality of the medium-chain fatty acid, In this experiment, the brain fatigue model was caused by the addition of medium-chain triglycerides to the rat's feed and the sleep deprivation in the rat. The results of the study were as follows: the physiological indexes, the anti-oxidation ability and the learning of the medium-chain triglycerides in the rats The effect of the cognitive ability, and the mechanism of its action, is to provide an experimental study on whether the medium-chain triglycerides have the effects of relieving or aggravating the mental fatigue. basis and theoretical support A. Two. (1) Objective 1 of the study to evaluate the effect of medium-and medium-chain triglycerides on the brain Whether the fatigue has the effect of relieving or aggravating; in the speculations. The mechanism of the action of chain tripolyglycerol on the mental fatigue;3. it is medium-chain. glycerin and brain Force Fatigue-to-Fatigue Relationship-providing Section Basis of study. (ii) Method 1, experimental animals and group healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats 35 rats, body weight (15 0-160) g, purchased by the experimental animal center of the Second Military Medical University. Prior to the start of the experiment, the first week after the first administration,35 rats were subjected to a maze test. Obsolete,30 were left, and 5 groups were randomly divided into 5 groups. The grouping was as follows: blank normal sleep group (NC group), blank sleep deprivation group (SD group), low-dose MCT group (LD group), medium dose an amount of mct sets ( MD group and high-dose MCT group (HD group).2. The experimental method was used to order specific feed with MCT powder, and the LD group, MD group and HD group were fed with the feed containing low, medium and high dose of MCT, respectively. Rats, NC and SD rats were used without MCT The original formula feed is fed. Each rat is limited to 15 g of feed per day, and the drinking water is not limited. . The feed consumption was observed continuously for 4 weeks, and the weight of the rats was weighed on a weekly basis.3 times of Y-electric maze training was conducted on each group of rats per week. After 4 weeks, the rats were fasted for 12 hours, and then the rats were anesthetized. The blood was taken from the orbit, and the serum was centrifuged at 3000 r/ min at 4 鈩，

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