【摘要】：柚子籽油是蕓香科柑橘亞科柑橘屬植物柚子(Citrus paradise Macf.)的種子油脂,尚未得到有效利用。本研究對柚子籽油進行了營養(yǎng)分析,研究表明它富含不飽和脂肪酸以及檸檬苦素等物質(zhì),具有較高的營養(yǎng)價值。由于柚子籽油本身具有不良苦味,而且所含營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)不穩(wěn)定,易氧化,為了掩蓋柚子籽油的苦味并提高其穩(wěn)定性,本研究通過飽和水溶液法制備β-CD/柚子籽油微膠囊,以期為柚子籽油的合理開發(fā)利用提供一定參考。主要研究內(nèi)容及結(jié)果如下： 1.評價柚子籽油營養(yǎng)分析 柚子籽油的相對密度0.968g/mL,折光指數(shù)1.471,過氧化值5.63mmol/kg,酸值1.06mgKOH/g,皂化值196.46mg KOH/g,碘值97.896g/100g,各理化指標都比較適宜。GC分析表明柚子籽油中含有66.95%的不飽和脂肪酸,其中LA35.4%(其中CLA0.58%)、油酸26.38%、α-亞麻酸3.92%；含有33.02%的飽和脂肪酸,其中棕櫚酸29.60%、硬脂酸2.86%。 FT-IR分析表明,柚子籽油主要有10個吸收峰,表現(xiàn)在：3750-3000cm-1區(qū)間的O-H伸縮振動,3000-2800cm-1區(qū)間的飽和C-H伸縮振動,1900-1630cm-1區(qū)間的羰基伸縮振動,1475-1300cm-1區(qū)間的飽和C-H面內(nèi)彎曲振動,1000-650cm-1區(qū)間的不飽和C-H面外彎曲振動。由分析結(jié)果可推斷柚子籽油含有不飽和脂肪酸,也可進一步為柚子籽油鑒別、營養(yǎng)分析提供信息。 2.HPLC法檢測柚子籽油中檸檬苦素含量 建立了柚子籽油中檸檬苦素的HPLC檢測方法,色譜條件：色譜柱為Agilent Zorbax Extend-C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流動相為乙腈-水(45：55),流速0.8mL/min,檢測波長215nm,柱溫30℃。結(jié)果表明檸檬苦素在48～384μg/mL (R2=0.9997)濃度范圍內(nèi)線性關(guān)系良好,加樣平均回收率為99.87%, RSD=1.33%(n=3)。在此條件下測得柚子籽油中檸檬苦素含量為327.61μg/g 3.β-CD／柚子籽油微膠囊的制備 以飽和水溶液法制備p-CD／柚子籽油微膠囊。研究表明投料比(p-CD/柚子籽油,g/mL)、包埋時間、包埋溫度對微膠囊包埋率影響程度大小為：包埋溫度包埋時間投料比。在單因素試驗基礎(chǔ)上通過響應(yīng)面分析法優(yōu)化制備工藝,確定最佳工藝為：投料比4.5,包埋時間132min,包埋溫度47℃,在此工藝條件下包埋率達92.18%。4.p-CD/柚子籽油微膠囊質(zhì)量評價 物相鑒定試驗表明β-CD已經(jīng)成功包埋柚子籽油形成微膠囊,且包埋過程中柚子籽油化學成分未發(fā)生變化,掃描電鏡下可見微膠囊顆粒較圓整,表面附著有小顆粒。微膠囊平均粒徑為1.58pm、含水率3.19%、密度0.452g/cm3、溶解度70.31%、休止角36°；微膠囊載油量為74.32%；熱穩(wěn)定性試驗表明p-CD/柚子籽油微膠囊質(zhì)量減少量低于柚子籽油；預測貨架期可達到182d,高于柚子籽油(74d),因此,可以判斷柚子籽油經(jīng)包埋后對熱穩(wěn)定性提高。 綜上所述,柚子籽油具有較高營養(yǎng)價值,且飽和水溶液法操作簡便,所需設(shè)備要求不高,成本較低,制得的β-CD/柚子籽油微膠囊包埋率較高,熱穩(wěn)定性良好,具有一定推廣開發(fā)價值。
[Abstract]:Pomelo seed oil is (Citrus paradise Macf.) The seed oil has not been used effectively. The nutritive analysis of pomelo seed oil showed that it was rich in unsaturated fatty acids and limonin and had high nutritional value. In order to conceal the bitter taste of pomelo seed oil and improve its stability, 尾-CD/ pomelo seed oil microcapsules were prepared by saturated aqueous solution method. In order to provide a certain reference for the reasonable development and utilization of pomelo seed oil. The main contents and results are as follows: 1. The relative density of pomelo seed oil was 0.968 g / mL, refractive index was 1.471, peroxide value was 5.63 mmol / kg, acid value was 1.06 mg / kg, saponification value of 196.46mg KOH/g, was 97.896 g / 100 g. GC analysis showed that grapefruit seed oil contained 66.95% unsaturated fatty acids, including LA35.4% (CLA0.58%), oleic acid 26.38, 偽 -linolenic acid 3.92; It contains 33.02% saturated fatty acids, including 29.60% palmitic acid and 2.86% stearic acid. FT-IR analysis showed that grapefruit seed oil had 10 absorption peaks, which were characterized by O-H stretching vibration in 3750-3000cm-1 region, saturated C-H stretching vibration in 3000-2800cm-1 region and carbonyl stretching vibration in 1900-1630cm-1 region. The bending vibration in saturated C-H plane of 1475-1300cm-1 interval and the out-of-plane bending vibration of unsaturated C-H region in 1000-650cm-1 interval. It can be concluded that pomelo seed oil contains unsaturated fatty acids, and it can also provide information for identification and nutrition analysis of pomelo seed oil. Determination of limonin in pomelo seed oil by 2.HPLC the HPLC method for the determination of limonin in pomelo seed oil was established. The chromatographic conditions were as follows: Agilent Zorbax Extend-C18 (4.6mm 脳 250mm-1 5 渭 m),) was used as the mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (45:55). The flow rate was 0.8 mL / min, the detection wavelength was 215 nm and the column temperature was 30 鈩，

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