【摘要】：目的探討職業(yè)健康安全風(fēng)險評估與分級管理在職業(yè)衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督管理中的應(yīng)用效果。方法采用分層抽樣的方法在平湖市潔具行業(yè)協(xié)會會員單位中選取20家單位作為研究對象,制定《用人單位職業(yè)健康安全風(fēng)險評估及分級管理實施指南》和《衛(wèi)生潔具生產(chǎn)企業(yè)職業(yè)健康安全管理規(guī)范》,按照上述指南和規(guī)范對研究對象實施干預(yù),并采用t檢驗、χ2檢驗、方差分析(ANOVA)等統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法比較干預(yù)前后風(fēng)險評估得分、監(jiān)督等級、扣分條目、勞動者職業(yè)健康檢查合格率、工作場所職業(yè)病危害因素檢測合格率、企業(yè)主要職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理指標、管理人員職業(yè)健康知曉情況、企業(yè)對職業(yè)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的滿意度及需求等指標的差異,對干預(yù)效果進行評價。結(jié)果通過職業(yè)健康安全風(fēng)險評估和分級管理,研究對象的扣分條目有所減少,職業(yè)健康安全風(fēng)險評估得分的平均分由41.96±11.05提高到70.12±15.40,風(fēng)險水平有所降低(t=15.16,P0.05)。監(jiān)管等級為Ⅰ級、Ⅱ級的企業(yè)所占比例由10%提高到60%。勞動者職業(yè)健康檢查合格率由80.85%提高到93.55%(χ2=5.443,P0.05)職業(yè)病危害因素的檢測合格率由69.74%提高到89.51%(χ2=14.46,P0.05)。培訓(xùn)前、培訓(xùn)1次后和培訓(xùn)2次后的平均分分別為20.79±5.04,26.49±3.28,32.50±2.50,培訓(xùn)次數(shù)越多,管理人員職業(yè)健康知識知曉情況越好(F=49.52,P0.05)。研究對象的主要職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理指標：管理制度建立率、職業(yè)健康檢查率、職業(yè)病危害因素檢測率、防護設(shè)施配備率、個人防護用品使用率和職業(yè)衛(wèi)生知識培訓(xùn)率等均有不同程度的提高(χ2檢驗,P0.05) 結(jié)論職業(yè)健康安全風(fēng)險評估及分級監(jiān)管模式,是一種定性定量相結(jié)合的動態(tài)管理模式,對企業(yè)具有普遍適用性、也使各行業(yè)間具有可比性,符合“分類管理、綜合治理”的監(jiān)管原則,有利于合理配置職業(yè)衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督資源,不斷提高職業(yè)衛(wèi)生監(jiān)管的有效性和針對性,可向其他行業(yè)和地區(qū)推廣。同時,因為評估指標比較具體、重點突出,也有利于企業(yè)的自我管理、自我提高和自我完善。
[Abstract]:Objective to explore the effect of occupational health and safety risk assessment and grading management in occupational health supervision and management. Methods A stratified sampling method was used to select 20 units in Pinghu sanitary ware industry association as the object of study. To formulate the implementation Guide of Occupational Health and Safety risk Assessment and grading Management of employers and the Occupational Health and Safety Management Standard of Sanitary Ware Manufacturing Enterprises, and to intervene the study objects according to the above guidelines and norms, and to adopt t test. 蠂 2 test, variance analysis of (ANOVA) and other statistical methods were used to compare the scores of risk assessment, supervision grade, deduction entry, the qualified rate of occupational health examination of workers, and the qualified rate of occupational disease hazard factors in the workplace before and after intervention. The main occupational health management indexes, occupational health knowledge of managers, satisfaction and demand of occupational health services were evaluated. Results through occupational health and safety risk assessment and grading management, the study subjects' deduction points were reduced, the average score of occupational health and safety risk assessment increased from 41.96 鹵11.05 to 70.12 鹵15.40, and the average score of occupational health and safety risk assessment was increased from 41.96 鹵11.05 to 70.12 鹵15.40. The risk level was decreased (tr 15.16% P 0.05). The level of supervision is grade I, and the proportion of enterprises of grade II has increased from 10% to 60%. The qualified rate of occupational health examination of workers was increased from 80.85% to 93.55% (蠂 ~ (2 +) 5.443). The qualified rate of occupational hazard factors was increased from 69.74% to 89.51% (蠂 ~ (2) ~ (2) ~ (14) ~ (46) P _ (0.05). Before training, the average scores after one training and two training were 20.79 鹵5.04 鹵26.49 鹵3.28 32.50 鹵2.50, respectively. The more training times, the better the knowledge of occupational health knowledge of managers (FF49.52 P 0.05). The main occupational health management indicators of the subjects were: the establishment rate of management system, the rate of occupational health inspection, the detection rate of occupational disease hazard factors, the rate of protection facilities, The utilization rate of personal protective equipment and the training rate of occupational health knowledge were improved to some extent (蠂 ~ 2 test, P0.05) conclusion Occupational health and safety risk assessment and hierarchical supervision model, It is a kind of dynamic management mode combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, which has universal applicability to enterprises, makes all industries comparable, conforms to the principle of "classified management, comprehensive management", and is beneficial to the rational allocation of occupational health supervision resources. Continuously improve the effectiveness and pertinence of occupational health supervision, can be extended to other industries and regions. At the same time, because the evaluation index is more specific and emphases, it is also beneficial to self-management, self-improvement and self-perfection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R132

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