【摘要】：目的：了解中國(guó)貧困地區(qū)6歲以下兒童營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良狀況及其影響因素,為改善貧困地區(qū)兒童營(yíng)養(yǎng)健康狀況提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 方法：本研究采用面對(duì)面詢問調(diào)查方法,對(duì)2006-2009年從13個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)縣(市)中隨機(jī)抽取的6800、9330、9210、9024名6歲以下兒童進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查。內(nèi)容包括詢問調(diào)查、體格測(cè)量、生化檢測(cè)。采用EpiData3.0建立數(shù)據(jù)庫,采用WHO Anthro V3.2.2軟件計(jì)算6歲以下兒童營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良率。應(yīng)用趨勢(shì)卡方檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)比較,應(yīng)用卡方檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行影響因素單因素分析,運(yùn)用非條件logistic回歸模型分析6歲以下兒童營(yíng)養(yǎng)健康狀況的影響因素。 結(jié)果：2006～2009年中國(guó)貧困地區(qū)6歲以下兒童生長(zhǎng)遲緩率分別為17.6%、18.6%、14.8%和16.2%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=18.068,P=0.000)；兒童的低體重率分別為7.9%、8.2%、7.4%和7.9%,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.501,P=0.479)。兒童貧血患病率分別為26.5%、26.8%、19.6%和26.8%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=7.888,P=0.005)。多因素非條件logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示：①兒童為早產(chǎn)兒、沒有吃早餐習(xí)慣是6歲以下兒童生長(zhǎng)遲緩的危險(xiǎn)因素；父親文化程度是小學(xué)未畢業(yè)、小學(xué)和初中相對(duì)文盲是兒童生長(zhǎng)遲緩的保護(hù)因素。②兒童近兩周內(nèi)患上呼吸道疾病、沒有吃早餐習(xí)慣是兒童低體重的危險(xiǎn)因素；此外,父母親文化程度是小學(xué)未畢業(yè)、小學(xué)和初中相對(duì)文盲是兒童低體重的保護(hù)因素。③兒童為早產(chǎn)兒、父母非兒童主要看護(hù)人、兒童近兩周患腹瀉為中國(guó)貧困地區(qū)6歲以下兒童貧血患病率的危險(xiǎn)因素；此外,出生后6個(gè)月內(nèi)堅(jiān)持母乳喂養(yǎng)、有吃早餐習(xí)慣為兒童貧血患病率的保護(hù)因素。 結(jié)論：2006～2009年中國(guó)貧困地區(qū)6歲以下兒童營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良主要指標(biāo)無明顯下降趨勢(shì),貧困地區(qū)兒童營(yíng)養(yǎng)干預(yù)和改善工作仍任重道遠(yuǎn)。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the malnutrition status of children under 6 years old and its influencing factors in poor areas of China, and to provide scientific basis for improving the nutritional health status of children in poor areas. Methods: in this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 6 800 (9330) 9210 9024 children under 6 years of age who were randomly selected from 13 monitoring counties (cities) from 2006 to 2009. The content includes inquiry investigation, physical measurement, biochemical test. EpiData3.0 was used to establish database and WHO Anthro V3.2.2 software was used to calculate malnutrition rate of children under 6 years old. The trend chi-square test was used to compare the data, the univariate analysis of influencing factors was carried out by chi-square test, and the non-conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of nutritional health status of children under 6 years of age. Results: from 2006 to 2009, the growth retardation rate of children under 6 years of age in the poverty-stricken areas of China was 17.618. 8% and 16. 2%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (蠂 2 + 18. 068%, P < 0. 000). The low body weight rates of children were 7.9% and 7.9%, respectively. There was no significant difference between them (蠂 ~ 2 / 0.501P ~ (0.479). The prevalence rate of anemia in children was 26.6% and 26.8%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (蠂 2 7.888U P 0.005). The results of multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that: 1 Children were preterm infants and no breakfast habit was the risk factor of growth retardation in children under 6 years of age; The father's education level was not graduated from primary school, the relative illiteracy in primary school and junior middle school was the protective factor of children's growth retardation. 2 Children suffered from upper respiratory tract disease in recent two weeks, and not eating breakfast habit was the risk factor of children's low body weight. In addition, the parents' education level is that the primary school does not graduate, the primary school and the junior middle school relative illiteracy is the child low weight protection factor. 3 the child is the premature baby, the parent is not the child main carer, Diarrhea was the risk factor of anemia among children under 6 years of age in poor areas of China in recent two weeks. In addition, breast feeding within 6 months after birth and breakfast habits were the protective factors of anemia prevalence in children. Conclusion: from 2006 to 2009, the main indicators of malnutrition among children under 6 years of age in poor areas of China have no significant downward trend, and the intervention and improvement of children's nutrition in poor areas still have a long way to go.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R151

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