基于電化學(xué)方法檢測工作場所氣體顆粒物中重金屬的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-11 08:12
【摘要】：隨著工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的規(guī)模的不斷擴大，重金屬污染亦隨之加重。然而，許多重金屬加工企業(yè)往往忽視工作場所的環(huán)境污染，造成職業(yè)病患者人數(shù)逐年上升。究其原因，環(huán)境中氣體顆粒物中所含的重金屬是引發(fā)此類職業(yè)病的重要原因，因此對氣體顆粒物的重金屬進行有效的監(jiān)測是環(huán)境科學(xué)和安全技術(shù)工程領(lǐng)域頗具價值的課題。 電化學(xué)分析技術(shù)作為一種靈敏度高、操作簡單、重現(xiàn)性好的測量方法，在痕量重金屬的檢測中占有重要地位。 本文借鑒了溶液中重金屬離子的檢測原理，將其應(yīng)用到氣體顆粒物中。也就是，將氣體顆粒物中重金屬元素進行消解處理，使其分散在水溶液中。我們以電化學(xué)方法構(gòu)建出一種專門檢測溶液中重金屬的新型傳感器，并運用差分脈沖溶出伏安法對礦山、化工企業(yè)等工作場所氣體顆粒物中的鉛、鎘、鋅等重金屬離子進行了檢測。對傳感器檢測的實驗條件、參數(shù)、重現(xiàn)性和線性關(guān)系進行了優(yōu)化。 在電位增量3 mV，脈沖幅度40 mV，脈沖寬度40ms，脈沖周期80 ms，HAc-NaAc緩沖液(0.1 mol/L，pH 4.0)作為反應(yīng)條件下，傳感器檢測溶液中的Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)，其背景電流極小且穩(wěn)定，在1μg/L～1 mg/L濃度范圍內(nèi)檢測電流與離子濃度之間呈現(xiàn)出顯著的線性關(guān)系。在5～1000μg/L范圍內(nèi)溶出峰電流與Pb~(2+)濃度的相關(guān)系數(shù)達到了0.999以上。選擇1.0 V作為鉛的沉積電位，Pb~(2+)的濃度與沉積時間也呈現(xiàn)出強相關(guān)。 通過循環(huán)伏安掃描和恒電位掃描對工作電極進行活化，從而改善了電極的重現(xiàn)性，實驗偏差明顯減小。研究了汞膜電極的重復(fù)性，表明長期儲存在蒸餾水中的汞膜電極能夠重復(fù)使用，且在一周內(nèi)保持良好的活性。 上述檢測所得到的結(jié)果與原子吸收法、原子發(fā)射光譜的結(jié)果進行比照，其相對誤差低于5 %，，這意味著我們所構(gòu)建的傳感器能夠有效地對氣體顆粒中所含的重金屬進行檢測。此種檢測方法具有靈敏度高，設(shè)備成本低和操作簡便等特點，有望在環(huán)境保護、安全工程等行業(yè)得以廣泛應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:With the continuous expansion of industrial production, heavy metal pollution is also aggravated. However, many heavy metal processing enterprises often ignore the environmental pollution in the workplace, resulting in an increase in the number of occupational disease patients. The reason is that the heavy metals contained in the gas particles in the environment is an important cause of this occupational disease. Therefore, the effective monitoring of heavy metals in the gas particles is a valuable subject in the field of environmental science and safety technology engineering. Electrochemical analysis, as a sensitive, simple and reproducible method, plays an important role in the detection of trace heavy metals. In this paper, the principle of heavy metal ion detection in solution is used as reference, and it is applied to gaseous particulate matter. In other words, heavy metal elements in gaseous particles are dissolved and dispersed in aqueous solution. We have developed a new type of sensor for the detection of heavy metals in solution by electrochemical method, and used differential pulse stripping voltammetry to detect lead and cadmium in gaseous particulates in mines, chemical enterprises and other workplaces. Zinc and other heavy metal ions were detected. The experimental conditions, parameters, reproducibility and linear relationship of sensor detection are optimized. Under the conditions of potential increment of 3 mV, pulse amplitude 40 mV, pulse width 40 Ms, pulse period 80 ms,HAc-NaAc buffer solution (0. 1 mol/L,pH 4.0) as reaction conditions, the background current of Pb~ (2) and Cd~ (2) in the solution is very small and stable. There was a significant linear relationship between the detection current and ion concentration in the concentration range of 1 渭 g/L~1 mg/L. The correlation coefficient between the peak current and the concentration of Pb~ (2) in the range of 5 渭 g / L is more than 0.999. The concentration of Pb~ (2) was strongly correlated with the deposition time when 1. 0 V was chosen as the deposition potential of lead. The working electrode was activated by cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic scanning, thus the reproducibility of the electrode was improved, and the experimental deviation was obviously reduced. The repeatability of mercury film electrode was studied. It was shown that the mercury membrane electrode stored in distilled water for a long time could be reused and maintained good activity within one week. The results obtained above are compared with those obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry and atomic emission spectroscopy. The relative error is less than 5%, which means that the sensor we constructed can effectively detect heavy metals in gas particles. This method has the characteristics of high sensitivity, low equipment cost and easy operation. It is expected to be widely used in environmental protection, safety engineering and other industries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：O657.1;R134.4
本文編號：2263473
[Abstract]:With the continuous expansion of industrial production, heavy metal pollution is also aggravated. However, many heavy metal processing enterprises often ignore the environmental pollution in the workplace, resulting in an increase in the number of occupational disease patients. The reason is that the heavy metals contained in the gas particles in the environment is an important cause of this occupational disease. Therefore, the effective monitoring of heavy metals in the gas particles is a valuable subject in the field of environmental science and safety technology engineering. Electrochemical analysis, as a sensitive, simple and reproducible method, plays an important role in the detection of trace heavy metals. In this paper, the principle of heavy metal ion detection in solution is used as reference, and it is applied to gaseous particulate matter. In other words, heavy metal elements in gaseous particles are dissolved and dispersed in aqueous solution. We have developed a new type of sensor for the detection of heavy metals in solution by electrochemical method, and used differential pulse stripping voltammetry to detect lead and cadmium in gaseous particulates in mines, chemical enterprises and other workplaces. Zinc and other heavy metal ions were detected. The experimental conditions, parameters, reproducibility and linear relationship of sensor detection are optimized. Under the conditions of potential increment of 3 mV, pulse amplitude 40 mV, pulse width 40 Ms, pulse period 80 ms,HAc-NaAc buffer solution (0. 1 mol/L,pH 4.0) as reaction conditions, the background current of Pb~ (2) and Cd~ (2) in the solution is very small and stable. There was a significant linear relationship between the detection current and ion concentration in the concentration range of 1 渭 g/L~1 mg/L. The correlation coefficient between the peak current and the concentration of Pb~ (2) in the range of 5 渭 g / L is more than 0.999. The concentration of Pb~ (2) was strongly correlated with the deposition time when 1. 0 V was chosen as the deposition potential of lead. The working electrode was activated by cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic scanning, thus the reproducibility of the electrode was improved, and the experimental deviation was obviously reduced. The repeatability of mercury film electrode was studied. It was shown that the mercury membrane electrode stored in distilled water for a long time could be reused and maintained good activity within one week. The results obtained above are compared with those obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry and atomic emission spectroscopy. The relative error is less than 5%, which means that the sensor we constructed can effectively detect heavy metals in gas particles. This method has the characteristics of high sensitivity, low equipment cost and easy operation. It is expected to be widely used in environmental protection, safety engineering and other industries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：O657.1;R134.4
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