發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-19 20:26

【摘要】：近年來(lái)，用水環(huán)境不斷惡化，而人們對(duì)水質(zhì)的要求越來(lái)越高，飲用水中微生物的殺滅也變得越來(lái)越重要。傳統(tǒng)的滅菌方法，如化學(xué)滅菌法，會(huì)產(chǎn)生有毒副產(chǎn)物，難以滿足人們的健康要求，進(jìn)而出現(xiàn)了多種物理滅菌技術(shù)。其中電滅菌方法中的脈沖電場(chǎng)滅菌技術(shù)由于處理時(shí)間短、能效高、溫升小、無(wú)化學(xué)毒副產(chǎn)物等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，成為一種具有巨大發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ姆菬釡缇夹g(shù)。然而，傳統(tǒng)的脈沖電場(chǎng)滅菌系統(tǒng)需要能提供幾千伏甚至幾十千伏高壓的脈沖發(fā)生器，使得設(shè)備成本高，限制了其推廣應(yīng)用。為了解決這一問(wèn)題，本文開(kāi)展了用于脈沖電場(chǎng)滅菌的微系統(tǒng)的研究，通過(guò)電極間距的縮小可以大大降低所需脈沖電壓。在裝置研究的基礎(chǔ)上，以大腸桿菌為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象，利用幾百伏的脈沖，實(shí)現(xiàn)了高效滅菌。 為了清楚了解脈沖電場(chǎng)殺菌操作的過(guò)程和為電脈沖殺菌微系統(tǒng)的研制做對(duì)照，本文先利用傳統(tǒng)的脈沖電場(chǎng)滅菌系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。研究結(jié)果表明，無(wú)論是模擬循環(huán)水處理的脈沖滅菌系統(tǒng)，還是方波脈沖的靜態(tài)處理系統(tǒng)，都需要幾千伏電壓才能獲得較好的滅菌效果。 隨后，本文研制了一種適于脈沖電場(chǎng)滅菌的柔性微芯片。通過(guò)COMSOL軟件仿真分析了平板-齒狀（PCT）電極、交叉梳狀（ICT）電極和對(duì)稱齒狀電極（SCT）三種電極結(jié)構(gòu)，并加工了兩種電極結(jié)構(gòu)的芯片用于實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。利用聚酰亞胺基底加工制作了柔性芯片，并在此基礎(chǔ)上制作了微處理室，，搭建脈沖電場(chǎng)滅菌微系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)，并對(duì)多種影響滅菌的參數(shù)進(jìn)行了研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明，電極結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)對(duì)滅菌效果造成影響，其中PCT結(jié)構(gòu)比ICT結(jié)構(gòu)更優(yōu)，這與仿真結(jié)果相符合。在基于PCT結(jié)構(gòu)的微系統(tǒng)中，200V方波脈沖作用于大腸桿菌懸液，就能獲得很好的滅菌效果。同時(shí)，高場(chǎng)強(qiáng)、寬脈寬、長(zhǎng)的處理時(shí)間、成分簡(jiǎn)單的緩沖液、處在早期生長(zhǎng)狀態(tài)的細(xì)菌都對(duì)滅菌效果有增強(qiáng)作用。此外，基于微芯片的處理室利用介電電泳力，可將細(xì)菌富集到高場(chǎng)強(qiáng)區(qū)域，進(jìn)而獲得更好的滅菌效果。 最后，本文研制了靜態(tài)和連續(xù)的微間隙平板電極處理室，并分別搭建脈沖電場(chǎng)滅菌微系統(tǒng)，進(jìn)行相關(guān)的滅菌實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明：對(duì)于銅電極的靜態(tài)滅菌系統(tǒng)，電壓360V（電場(chǎng)20kV/cm），脈寬50μs，脈沖間隔200ms，50～100個(gè)脈沖的處理?xiàng)l件下，殺菌效果好；而對(duì)于銅電極的連續(xù)滅菌系統(tǒng)，電參數(shù)不變，流量控制在200μL/min左右，也獲得了很好的滅菌效果。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the water environment is getting worse and worse, and the demand for water quality is becoming higher and higher, and the killing of microorganisms in drinking water becomes more and more important. Traditional sterilization methods, such as chemical sterilization, can produce toxic by-products, which are difficult to meet the health requirements of people, and many physical sterilization techniques have emerged. Because of the advantages of short treatment time, high energy efficiency, low temperature rise and no chemical by-products, the pulsed electric field sterilization technology in the electric sterilization method has become a non-thermal sterilization technology with great development potential. However, the traditional pulsed electric field sterilization system needs to provide several kilovolts or even tens of kilovolts high voltage pulse generator, which makes the equipment cost high, and limits its popularization and application. In order to solve this problem, the microsystem used in pulsed electric field sterilization is studied in this paper. The pulse voltage can be greatly reduced by reducing the electrode spacing. On the basis of the equipment research, the high efficiency sterilization was realized by using hundreds of volts of pulse in Escherichia coli. In order to understand clearly the process of pulsed electric field sterilization and to compare with the development of electric pulse microsystem, the traditional pulsed electric field sterilization system was used in this paper. The results show that both the pulse sterilization system of simulated circulating water treatment and the static treatment system of square wave pulse require several kilowatts of voltage in order to obtain better sterilization effect. Subsequently, a flexible microchip suitable for pulsed electric field sterilization was developed. Three kinds of electrode structures, plate-toothed (PCT) electrode, cross-comb (ICT) electrode and symmetrical toothed electrode (SCT), were simulated by COMSOL software. The chips with two kinds of electrode structures were fabricated for experimental study. A flexible chip was fabricated by using polyimide substrate, and on the basis of this, a micro-processing chamber was made, and an experimental platform of pulsed electric field sterilization microsystem was set up, and a variety of parameters affecting sterilization were studied. The experimental results show that the electrode structure will affect the sterilizing effect, and the PCT structure is better than the ICT structure, which is in agreement with the simulation results. In the microsystem based on PCT structure, a good sterilization effect can be obtained by using 200 V square wave pulse in Escherichia coli suspension. At the same time, high field strength, wide pulse width, long treatment time, simple composition of buffer, bacteria in the early growth state all have enhanced the sterilization effect. In addition, the microchip based processing room can enrich bacteria into high field area by using dielectric electrophoresis force, and obtain better sterilization effect. Finally, the static and continuous microgap plate electrode treatment chamber was developed, and the pulsed electric field sterilization microsystem was built, and the related sterilization experiments were carried out. The experimental results show that the sterilization effect is good for the static sterilization system of copper electrode under the conditions of voltage 360 V (electric field 20kV/cm), pulse width 50 渭 s, pulse interval 200 Ms ~ 100 pulse interval, while for the continuous sterilization system of copper electrode, the electrical parameters are not changed. The flow control is about 200 渭 L/min, and the sterilization effect is very good.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R123.1

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