本文選題：飲用水源 + 水華　； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：飲用水源地的水華事件已成為威脅飲用水源安全和暴露人體健康的環(huán)境污染問題。合理地評(píng)價(jià)水華具有的人體健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn),是開展飲用水源地水華應(yīng)急管理的基礎(chǔ)。開展飲用水源地水華健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià),需要以保護(hù)人體健康為目的,以水華水體急性暴露的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大小為研究對(duì)象,采用污染物健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)模型,評(píng)價(jià)水華污染水體具有的人體健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大小 飲用水源地水華的危害識(shí)別結(jié)果表明,飲用水源地受水華污染時(shí),水體中主要污染物為MCs和DBPs。MCs作為一類肝毒素,主要作用于人體的肝細(xì)胞和肝巨噬細(xì)胞,最終導(dǎo)致人體患肝病。DBPs主要表現(xiàn)為致癌性和生殖毒性。采用水體中污染物急性暴露安全閾值(濃度)的計(jì)算方法,確定了MCs和DBPs的急性暴露安全閾值(濃度)。MC-LR、三氯甲烷、一溴二氯甲烷、三溴甲烷、二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸經(jīng)飲用水暴露的急性暴露安全(閾值)濃度,分別為0.004、18、0.25、0.2、2、0.13、0.5mg/L。 氯化過(guò)程中MC-LR和DBPs污染特征的結(jié)果表明,原水氯化后水體中MC-LR濃度范圍為0.11-3.89μg/L。不同水質(zhì)指標(biāo)與氯化后水體巾MC-LR的線性相關(guān)性結(jié)果表明：MC-LR濃度與水體Chl-a、TP和NH3-N呈線性正相關(guān),線性相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.85、0.75和0.81。MC-LR濃度與N/P成線性負(fù)相關(guān)性,R2=0.73。原水中不同有機(jī)質(zhì)組分的樹脂分離結(jié)果表明：原水中溶解性有機(jī)質(zhì)以疏水酸性物質(zhì)為主。氯化后水體檢出的主要DBPs為：三氯甲烷、一溴二氯甲烷、二溴一氯甲烷、三溴甲烷、一氯乙酸、二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸,其生成量的范圍分別為：1.85-52.5、1.31-183、1.32-194、0.19-15.8、0.22-118、0.15-85.3和1.05-28.4μg/L。原水水質(zhì)指標(biāo)與DBPs生成量之間的線性相關(guān)性表明：HAAs與水體Chl-a濃度相關(guān)性最高(R2=0.75),與DOC濃度、NH3-N及1n(藻密度)的相關(guān)性次之,與TN和TP的相關(guān)性較差。THMs的生成量與水體中DOC濃度相關(guān)性最高(R2=0.87),與水體N/P的相關(guān)性最差(R2=0.27)。 按照污染物暴露量計(jì)算模型,確定了不同人群的日均暴露量。當(dāng)水體Chl-a濃度范圍為21.40-195.6μg/L時(shí),成人對(duì)MC-LR、THMs、HAAs的日均暴露劑量分別為：3.14×10-6～1.11×10-4、2.04×10-4～1.17×10-2、7.94×10-5～3.81×10-3μg/kg·day;兒童對(duì)MC-LR、THMs、HAAs的日均暴露劑量分別為：1.10×10-5～3.89×10-4、7.15×10-4～4.44×10-2、2.78×10-4～1.33×10-2μg/kg·day。采用污染物急性健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)表征方法,表征了不同水華污染水體的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn),結(jié)果表明：當(dāng)水體中Chl-a濃度范圍屬于21.4-195.6μg/L時(shí),水華非致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值隨Chl-a濃度的增加,呈逐漸上升的趨勢(shì),健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值介于0.17-4.39之間。水華致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)級(jí)別介于1.26×10-5-9.25×10-4/a之間。界定了3個(gè)不同的水華健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)級(jí)別,當(dāng)水體中Chl-a濃度低于80μg/L時(shí),為無(wú)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)級(jí)；介于80-120μg/L時(shí),為低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)級(jí)；高于120μg/L時(shí),為高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)級(jí)。 飲用水源地水華健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)不僅采用健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)的手段,指導(dǎo)飲用水源地管理的一個(gè)新嘗試,也是污染物急性人體健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)的初步探索,具有一定的理論創(chuàng)新性和應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The event of water bloom in the drinking water source has become an environmental pollution problem that threatens the safety of drinking water sources and exposes human health. It is the basis for the emergency management of water bloom in drinking water sources. The health risk assessment of water bloom in drinking water sources should be carried out to protect human health and to water bloom. The health risk of acute exposure to water is the research object, and the health risk assessment model of pollutants is used to evaluate the health risk of the water polluted water body.
The damage identification results of water bloom in drinking water source indicate that the main pollutants in the water body are MCs and DBPs.MCs as a kind of liver toxin, which mainly act on human liver cells and liver macrophages in the drinking water source area, which ultimately leads to the carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity of the human liver disease.DBPs. The calculation of the safety threshold (concentration) of sexual exposure determined the acute exposure safety threshold (concentration) of MCs and DBPs, trichloromethane, one bromine dichloromethane, three bromomethane, two chloroacetic acid, and three chloroacetic acid exposed to drinking water for acute exposure safety (threshold) concentration, respectively 0.004,18,0.25,0.2,2,0.13,0.5mg/L.
The results of MC-LR and DBPs pollution in the process of chlorination show that the range of MC-LR concentration in the water after chlorination of the original water is the linear correlation between the different water quality indexes of 0.11-3.89 mu g/L. and the MC-LR of the water towel after the chlorination shows that the concentration of MC-LR is linearly and positively correlated with Chl-a, TP and NH3-N in water body, and the linear correlation coefficient is 0.85,0.75 and 0.81.MC-LR concentration, respectively. The result of the linear negative correlation with N/P is that the resin separation results of different organic matter in the R2=0.73. water show that the dissolved organic matter in the original water is mainly hydrophobic acid. The main DBPs in the water body after chlorination is trichloromethane, mono bromo dichloromethane, dichloromethane, three bromo methane, chloroacetic acid, two chloroacetic acid and three chloroacetic acid. The linear correlation between the water quality index of 1.85-52.5,1.31-183,1.32-194,0.19-15.8,0.22-118,0.15-85.3 and 1.05-28.4 mu g/L. and the yield of DBPs showed that the correlation between HAAs and the concentration of Chl-a in water body was the highest (R2=0.75), the correlation with DOC concentration, NH3-N and 1n (algae density), and the correlation with TN and TP. The correlation between the amount of poor.THMs and the concentration of DOC in water is the highest (R2=0.87), and the correlation with water N/P is the worst (R2=0.27).
According to the calculation model of pollutant exposure, the daily exposure of different population was determined. When the Chl-a concentration range was 21.40-195.6 g/L, the daily exposure dose of adult to MC-LR, THMs and HAAs were 3.14 x 10-6 ~ 1.11 x 10-4,2.04 x 10-4 ~ 1.17 x 10-2,7.94 * 10-5 ~ 3.81 * 10-3 UU day. Exposure doses of 1.10 * 10-5 to 3.89 x 10-4,7.15 x 10-4 ~ 4.44 * 10-2,2.78 x 10-4 ~ 1.33 * 10-2 mu g/kg. Day. were used to characterize the health risk of pollutants in different water blooms. The results showed that the non carcinogenic risk value of water bloom was with C when the concentration range of Chl-a was 21.4-195.6 Mu g/L. The HL-A concentration increased gradually, and the health risk value was between 0.17-4.39. The carcinogenic risk level of water bloom was between 1.26 x 10-5-9.25 x 10-4/a. 3 different health risk levels of water bloom were defined. When the concentration of Chl-a in water was less than 80 u g/L, it was a risk class; at 80-120 Mu g/L, it was a low risk grade; it was higher than 120 mu g/. At the time of L, it is a high risk level.
The health risk assessment of water bloom in drinking water source not only adopts the means of health risk assessment, but also provides a new attempt to guide the management of drinking water sources, and is also a preliminary exploration of the assessment of the risk of acute human health. It has a certain theoretical innovation and application value.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R123

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