廣東某品牌涼茶食用狀況及食用安全性的流行病學(xué)研究
發(fā)布時間:2018-04-18 04:18
本文選題:廣東涼茶 + 食用狀況。 參考:《暨南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文
【摘要】:近年來涼茶市場的發(fā)展非常之迅速,2010年涼茶全球銷量已超過可口可樂,這對涼茶的食用安全性提出了更高的要求。第一、二、三階段毒理學(xué)安全性評價試驗結(jié)果表明,相關(guān)廣東涼茶為無毒類物質(zhì),無急性毒性、亞慢性毒性、致突變性及致畸性。自清道光八年(1828年)始創(chuàng)至今,廣東涼茶已有180多年的大樣本人群飲用史。迄今這些證據(jù)顯示廣東涼茶的食用是安全的。目前尚缺乏針對涼茶食用安全性的系統(tǒng)科學(xué)的人群流行病學(xué)研究。在國家“863計劃”項目支持下,本研究擬對廣東某代表性品牌涼茶的食用狀況和食用安全性進(jìn)行橫斷面研究和實驗流行病學(xué)研究,以進(jìn)一步提供涼茶食用安全性的人群證據(jù)。 研究目的 1.通過橫斷面研究,了解廣東居民的涼茶食用狀況; 2.通過橫斷面研究和實驗流行病學(xué)研究,證實廣東涼茶的食用安全性。研究對象與方法 1.研究方法 本研究采用橫斷面研究和實驗流行病學(xué)研究相結(jié)合的研究方法,其中橫斷面研究采用社區(qū)問卷調(diào)查收集信息,實驗流行病學(xué)研究則通過研究對象連續(xù)8周每日定量飲用1支某品牌涼茶的人體試食試驗獲取相關(guān)信息。 2.研究對象 2.1橫斷面研究:廣州市和肇慶市某一社區(qū)在當(dāng)?shù)鼐幼?年及以上的12~60歲居民,同時排除患有重大精神疾病或智力障礙者。 2.2實驗流行病學(xué)研究:體重指數(shù)為18~28且過去1年內(nèi)未參加過類似試食試驗的18~28歲的青少年,同時排除患有心血管系統(tǒng)、消化系統(tǒng)、泌尿系統(tǒng)等嚴(yán)重疾病患者。 3.研究內(nèi)容 3.1橫斷面研究:人口學(xué)特征,如性別、年齡、文化程度等;某品牌涼茶食用狀況,如飲用率、飲用年數(shù)、頻率、習(xí)慣等;常見不適癥狀的發(fā)生情況,如口角糜爛、口腔潰瘍、口干、口苦、口臭、鼻腔干燥、咽喉疼痛等呼吸道不適癥狀和大便干燥、便秘、腹痛腹瀉、惡心嘔吐、噯氣胃脹、胃痛等胃腸道不適癥狀,以及情緒急躁、心煩、多夢等情緒狀況;常見慢性疾病的患病狀況,如慢性胃炎、胃潰瘍、十二指腸潰瘍、慢性咽喉炎、惡性腫瘤、 糖尿病、高血壓、冠心病等。3.2實驗流行病學(xué)研究:實驗前后體檢指標(biāo),如身高、體重、血壓、心率、心電圖、腹部B超、胸片、血尿便三大常規(guī)、肝腎功等血生化指標(biāo);實驗前后9種中醫(yī)體質(zhì)類型,如平和質(zhì)、氣虛質(zhì)、陽虛質(zhì)、陰虛質(zhì)、痰濕質(zhì)、濕熱質(zhì)、血瘀質(zhì)、氣郁質(zhì)、特稟質(zhì)等9個類型;試驗期間隨訪情況,如每日受試物食用情況、大小便情況、常見癥狀體征表現(xiàn)、精神心理感受等。 4.統(tǒng)計分析方法 調(diào)查資料使用Epidata3.1軟件進(jìn)行雙人雙錄入,應(yīng)用SPSS16.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析。 研究結(jié)果 1.橫斷面研究 1.1基本情況:共發(fā)放2200份問卷,回收有效問卷2154份,有效回收率為97.9%;2154個調(diào)查對象中男性占44.4%,女性占55.6%,平均年齡為33.5±14.9歲。 1.2涼茶飲用狀況:2154個調(diào)查對象的總涼茶飲用率為97.8%(2107/2154),某品牌涼茶的飲用率為80.5%(1735/2154),平均飲用年數(shù)為5.4±4.0年,85.6%的調(diào)查對象在過去一年平均每月飲用0~4支某品牌涼茶。 1.3涼茶飲用習(xí)慣:涼茶飲用者中在上火時飲用涼茶者占82.6%,在天氣太熱、口渴、感冒、咳嗽時飲用涼茶者占29.9%~46.0%;主要在夏季飲用涼茶,以中下午或飯后飲用較為常見,飲用的涼茶以常溫涼茶為主。 1.4飲用涼茶與身體狀況的關(guān)聯(lián):各種慢性疾病的患者與正常人之間的某品牌涼茶飲用率均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異;惡心嘔吐、腹痛腹瀉、噯氣胃脹、胃痛等胃腸道癥狀的患者與正常者之間的飲用率無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異;出現(xiàn)口渴多飲、口角起泡糜爛、臉上長痤瘡或加重、小便黃或渾濁、大便干燥等癥狀者的飲用率高于相應(yīng)正常者(P值均小于0.05)。 2.實驗流行病學(xué)研究 2.1試驗期間(8周)未出現(xiàn)脫失情況,實驗組80人與對照組81人的性別、年齡、體重指數(shù)等一般情況均衡,兩組具有可比性。 2.2試驗前后兩組受試者的血壓、心率、心電圖、腹部B超、胸片、血尿便三大常規(guī)、肝腎功、血脂分型等血生化指標(biāo)均正;蚓C合診斷為無臨床意義,且兩組間各體檢指標(biāo)的異常率無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P值均大于0.05)。 2.3試食前兩組受試者中平和質(zhì)、氣虛質(zhì)、陽虛質(zhì)、陰虛質(zhì)、痰濕質(zhì)、濕熱質(zhì)、血瘀質(zhì)、氣郁質(zhì)、特稟質(zhì)等9種體質(zhì)的人數(shù)比例及試驗后兩組受試者中除氣虛質(zhì)外的其他8種中醫(yī)體質(zhì)的人數(shù)比例均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P值均大于0.05),試驗后兩組間氣虛質(zhì)的人數(shù)比例差異無實際意義。 2.4試驗隨訪期間,27種呼吸系統(tǒng)、消化系統(tǒng)、泌尿系統(tǒng)及情緒等方面的常見癥狀發(fā)生率在兩組間的差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P值均大于0.05)。 研究結(jié)論 1.大部分廣東地區(qū)居民有長期飲用涼茶的習(xí)慣,且通常在上火時會飲用涼茶。 2.長期飲用涼茶對人體消化系統(tǒng)、呼吸系統(tǒng)、泌尿系統(tǒng)等方面均無不良影響。 3.短期內(nèi)較高頻率飲用涼茶對人體消化系統(tǒng)、呼吸系統(tǒng)、泌尿系統(tǒng)、心血管系統(tǒng)及情緒等方面均無明顯影響,,對人體中醫(yī)體質(zhì)類型的改變也無影響。
[Abstract]:In recent years , the development of herbal tea market has been very rapid . In 2010 , the global sales volume of herbal tea has exceeded Coca - Cola . The results show that Guangdong herbal tea is safe and has no toxicity , acute toxicity , sub - chronic toxicity , mutagenicity and Teratogenicity .
Purpose of study
1 . To study the edible condition of herbal tea in Guangdong residents through cross - sectional study .
2 . The edible safety of Guangdong herbal tea was confirmed by cross - sectional study and experimental epidemiology study .
1 . Research Methodology
In this study , a cross - sectional study and an experimental epidemiological study were used to collect information from the community questionnaire .
2 . Study Object
2.1 Cross - sectional study : A community in Guangzhou and Zhaoqing is resident in a local area of 12 - 60 years of age and above , while excluding persons with major mental illness or intellectual disabilities .
2.2 Experimental epidemiological studies : The body mass index was 18 - 28 and did not participate in the 18 - 28 - year - old adolescents who had not participated in similar test food tests in the past 1 year , while excluding patients with serious diseases such as cardiovascular system , digestive system , urinary system , etc .
3 . Content of the study
3.1 Cross - sectional study : demographic characteristics such as sex , age , degree of culture , etc . ;
The edible condition of a certain brand of herbal tea , such as drinking rate , years of drinking , frequency , habit , etc . ;
Common discomfort symptoms such as oral ulcer , oral ulcer , dry mouth , bitter taste , halitosis , nasal dryness , sore throat and other respiratory discomfort symptoms and stool dryness , constipation , abdominal pain diarrhea , nausea and vomiting , belching , stomach distention , stomach pain , etc . , and emotional conditions such as emotional distress , restlessness , multi - dream , and the like ;
Common chronic diseases , such as chronic gastritis , gastric ulcer , duodenal ulcer , chronic pharyngitis , malignant tumor ,
Diabetes , hypertension , coronary heart disease , etc . 3 . 2 experimental epidemiology study : the physical examination indexes before and after the experiment , such as height , body weight , blood pressure , heart rate , electrocardiogram , abdominal ultrasound , chest film , hematuria , etc . blood biochemical indexes ;
There are 9 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine constitution types before and after the experiment , such as peace and quality , qi deficiency , yang deficiency , yin deficiency , phlegm and dampness , damp - heat , blood stasis , qi stagnation , and intrinsic quality .
Follow - up conditions during the trial , such as daily test article consumption , stool condition , common symptoms and signs , mental psychological feeling , etc .
4 . Statistical Analysis Method
Two - person double entry was performed using Epidata3.1 software , and SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis .
Results of the study
1 . Cross - sectional study
1.1 Basic information : A total of 2200 questionnaires were issued , the effective questionnaires were collected 2154 , and the effective recovery rate was 97.9 % ;
Of the 2154 respondents , 44.4 % were males and 55.6 % females . The mean age was 33.5 鹵 14.9 years .
1.2 The drinking rate of herbal tea was 97.8 % ( 2107 / 2154 ) . The drinking rate of some brand herbal tea was 80.5 % ( 1735 / 2154 ) . The average age of drinking was 5.4 鹵 4.0 years .
1.3 The drinking habit of herbal tea : the cold tea drinkers accounted for 82.6 % of the cold tea drinkers in the cold tea drinkers . The cold tea drinkers accounted for 29 . 9 % 锝
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