本文選題：艾滋病　切入點(diǎn)：吸毒人群　出處：《河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的:對吸毒人員進(jìn)行艾滋病防治監(jiān)控是阻止艾滋病在人群中蔓延的一個(gè)措施，也是防治艾滋病工作的一個(gè)重要組成部分。本研究在河北省強(qiáng)制戒毒所內(nèi)進(jìn)行，通過對河北省強(qiáng)制戒毒所內(nèi)新入所戒毒人員的問卷，開展AIDS/HIV感染相關(guān)行為的現(xiàn)狀評估，了解使用傳統(tǒng)毒品與新型毒品的吸毒人群中普遍存在的高危行為，以加強(qiáng)對吸毒人群的監(jiān)測、宣傳教育，并為有效開展吸毒人群的行為干預(yù)提供科學(xué)的數(shù)據(jù)，從而達(dá)到及時(shí)有效地控制HIV在該人群和向其他人群傳播的目的。 方法:本研究采用問卷調(diào)查以及小組討論兩種調(diào)查方式。調(diào)查的對象為17-50歲之間的戒毒所新入所戒毒人員。采用封閉式和開放式相結(jié)合的調(diào)查問卷，從社會人口學(xué)特征、艾滋病知曉率、對艾滋病傳播途徑相關(guān)的問題等方面進(jìn)行了調(diào)查。通過對戒毒所內(nèi)醫(yī)護(hù)人員的培訓(xùn)，協(xié)助項(xiàng)目小組人員進(jìn)行問卷發(fā)放與回收。然后對收集的問卷歸納、整理、總結(jié)，，建立數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行資料錄入，結(jié)果采用Microsoft Excel進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)錄入，使用SPSSl3.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析，運(yùn)用Logistic回歸對相關(guān)因素進(jìn)行多因素回歸分析。 本研究通過對戒毒人員的小組討論，分析他們對毒品以及對艾滋病的認(rèn)識。 結(jié)果： 1本次調(diào)查的400名吸毒人員以青壯年為主，平均年齡29.48±6.994歲，初中及以下文化程度占74.25%，無業(yè)與自由職業(yè)者占92.25%；來自農(nóng)村和縣城的吸毒者占所有戒毒人員的88.5%。初次接觸毒品的平均年齡25.4歲，使用傳統(tǒng)毒品人員的比例占60.00％，與別人共用注射器具占40.00％，注射頻率多數(shù)在2次／天左右；注射器具主要來源于藥房，每次都清洗者只占少數(shù)，多用涼水清洗；使用新型毒品的人員的比例占40.00%，有70.00%以上的人與朋友經(jīng)常一起吸毒。11.50％戒毒者患有梅毒，32.75％有商業(yè)性性行為在這些有商業(yè)性行為的人中，每次都使用安全套者比例為48.09％。 2吸毒人員總體知識知曉率為83.5%。在“只與一個(gè)性伴發(fā)生性行為可以減少艾滋病的傳播嗎”和“從外表能不能看出一個(gè)人感染了艾滋病病毒”的回答正確率均在82.00%左右。艾滋病自愿咨詢檢測服務(wù)知曉及利用情況：20.00%的戒毒者接受過安全套發(fā)放或者艾滋病咨詢與檢測，23.00%的人在一年內(nèi)做過艾滋病檢測。調(diào)查者中7.50%的人聽說過美沙酮替代治療；5.50%的人知道所在城市里美沙酮替代療法的治療點(diǎn)；但沒有人接受或者聽說針具交換。 結(jié)論： 1通過問卷調(diào)查，吸毒者中存在年齡低齡化，文化水平程度低的特點(diǎn)，多來自縣及縣以下地區(qū)。在吸毒人群中艾滋病防治的關(guān)鍵除加強(qiáng)對高危人員的干預(yù)外，應(yīng)盡可能將健康教育工作前移，在早期對青少年進(jìn)行吸毒危害及預(yù)防性病、艾滋病教育。同時(shí)在各縣市流動人口較多的地點(diǎn)開展有關(guān)毒品危害和艾滋病危害的宣傳教育。 2吸毒人群中，傳統(tǒng)毒品使用者與他人共用注射器吸食毒品的比率較高。新型毒品使用者中，多性伴，賣淫嫖娼等導(dǎo)致的不安全性行為較為普遍。由于吸毒人員戒毒后復(fù)吸率高，而導(dǎo)致感染艾滋病的各種高危因素依然存在，因此在吸毒人員中應(yīng)提高對美沙酮維持治療和針具交換的認(rèn)知度和可接受度，來降低吸毒人員毒品的使用次數(shù)和共針次數(shù)；同時(shí)推廣安全套的使用等行為干預(yù)，達(dá)到控制艾滋病在吸毒人員中傳播的目的，并降低艾滋病由吸毒人群向一般人群傳播幾率。
[Abstract]:Objective : To carry out AIDS prevention and control for drug addicts , which is an important part of preventing AIDS from spreading among the population , and is an important part of AIDS prevention work . The present study evaluates the prevalence of AIDS / HIV infection among drug addicts in Hebei Province through the questionnaire of drug addicts newly enrolled in Hebei Province . It also provides scientific data for the effective intervention of drug users in drug users , so as to achieve the goal of timely and effective control of HIV transmission in the population and other people .

Methods : A questionnaire survey and group discussion were used to investigate the drug addicts between 17 and 50 years old .

This study analyzes their awareness of drugs and AIDS through group discussions on drug addicts .

Results :

The average age of 400 drug users in the survey was 29.48 鹵 6.994 years old , the junior high school and the following cultural degrees accounted for 74.25 % , and the unemployed and free professions accounted for 92.25 % ;
The average age of initial exposure to drugs was 25.4 years , and the proportion of traditional drug users accounted for 60.00 % .
The injector mainly comes from the pharmacy , and only a small part of the cleaning person is washed every time , and is washed with cold water ;
The proportion of people who use new drugs accounted for 40.00 % , and more than 70.00 % of people often used drugs with friends . 11 . 50 % of drug addicts had syphilis , 32.75 % had commercial sexual behavior in these commercial sexual behaviors , using condom at 48.09 % each time .

The overall knowledge awareness rate of drug users was 83.5 % . The correct rate of response to HIV infection was 82.00 % in the " only sexual intercourse with one sex partner " and " the appearance can not see that one person infected with AIDS virus " . The AIDS voluntary counseling and detection service knew and utilized the situation : 20 . 00 % of the drug addicts had received condom distribution or AIDS counseling and testing , 23.00 % had done AIDS testing within one year . 7.50 % of the respondents had heard of the replacement therapy of Methandione ;
5.50 % of the people know the point of treatment for the replacement therapy of mesmerone in the city ;
but no one accepts or hears the needle exchange .

Conclusion :

In addition to strengthening the intervention of high - risk persons , the key to the prevention and control of AIDS in drug users is to promote health education as far as possible to prevent and prevent sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS education at the early stage .

In the drug users , the rate of drug addiction is higher in the traditional drug users . In the new drug users , the non - safety behaviors caused by the multi - sex partner and the prostitution of prostitution are more common . As the drug addicts have high relapse rate after drug withdrawal , various high - risk factors which lead to the infection of AIDS still exist , so the cognitive and acceptability of the treatment and needle exchange should be improved in drug users , so as to reduce the number of times of drug use and the number of stitches of drug users ;
Meanwhile , the use of condom is promoted , so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the spread of AIDS in drug users , and reduce the probability of transmission of AIDS from drug users to the general population .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R163;R512.91

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