本文選題：兒童　切入點(diǎn)：身高　出處：《重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的研究重慶銅梁縣5歲以下兒童身高發(fā)生“生長(zhǎng)追趕”或“生長(zhǎng)減速”和生長(zhǎng)遲緩的狀況以及影響2歲兒童生長(zhǎng)遲緩的相關(guān)因素。 研究對(duì)象和方法分別于2002年和2005年在重慶市銅梁縣四所醫(yī)院共募集300對(duì)健康婦女及其新生兒，并隨訪兒童身長(zhǎng)（身高）情況。按納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：（1）所有兒童均為單胎、足月兒，出生時(shí)排除影響體格生長(zhǎng)的疾病。（2）所有隨訪階段中（出生、1.5歲、2歲、2.5歲、3.5歲、4.5歲、5歲）至少有兩次隨訪時(shí)間是連續(xù)的。（3）排除生長(zhǎng)過程中出現(xiàn)各種慢性疾病者。（4）排除持續(xù)長(zhǎng)期使用免疫調(diào)節(jié)劑或激素的兒童。由專業(yè)人員使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儀器測(cè)定新生兒體重、身長(zhǎng)、母親身高和孕前體重及隨訪期兒童身長(zhǎng)（身高）。分析身高生長(zhǎng)狀況依據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：參照2005年中國九市郊區(qū)7歲以下兒童體格發(fā)育調(diào)查研究指標(biāo)。追趕生長(zhǎng)和生長(zhǎng)減速定義為身長(zhǎng)（身高）百分位值較前次年齡段百分位值上抬或下跨≥一條主百分位線。生長(zhǎng)遲緩定義：以世界衛(wèi)生組織（WHO）0-6歲兒童年齡別身高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為參考值，計(jì)算兒童的年齡別身高z評(píng)分(HAZ)。HAZ=(身高實(shí)測(cè)值一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照人群身高中位數(shù))／標(biāo)準(zhǔn)兒童群體該年齡組身高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差；HAZ-2判斷為生長(zhǎng)遲緩。統(tǒng)計(jì)分析采用SPSSl7．0軟件，一般資料結(jié)果中計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)以均數(shù)加減標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示，計(jì)數(shù)資料以百分比表示，T檢驗(yàn)分析不同群體不同年份組兒童身高差異，用卡方檢驗(yàn)單因素分析各影響因素與生長(zhǎng)遲緩率的關(guān)系，運(yùn)用非條件Logistic回歸模型，分析2歲兒童生長(zhǎng)遲緩的影響因素：性別、出身體重、母親身高、母孕前BMI值。 結(jié)果（1）本研究中所有年齡段兒童身高均值較2005年全國九市平均標(biāo)準(zhǔn)低（除外出生身長(zhǎng)），有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P0.05），05年組兒童身高較02年組在2.5歲時(shí)有顯著差異（P0.05）；（2）兒童從出生到5歲之間，，生長(zhǎng)減速和追趕生長(zhǎng)所占比例逐漸減少；（3）各年齡段女性兒童均較男性兒童的生長(zhǎng)遲緩率高，總體生長(zhǎng)遲緩率在2.5歲時(shí)為最高11.9%；（4）兒童性別、出生體重、母親身高、母親孕前BMI對(duì)2歲兒童身高均有顯著影響。母親身高是兒童身高的重要影響因素。 結(jié)論（1）本研究追蹤的兒童群體身高生長(zhǎng)狀態(tài)不及全國平均水平（出生身長(zhǎng)除外）；（2）5歲以下兒童容易發(fā)生身高百分位線改變，但隨年齡增加逐漸趨于穩(wěn)定；（3）5歲以下女童較男童更易發(fā)生生長(zhǎng)遲緩；（4）生長(zhǎng)遲緩是多因素共同作用的結(jié)果，作為遺傳因素的母親身高是2歲兒童生長(zhǎng)遲緩的重要影響因素。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the status of growth arrest or growth retardation and growth retardation in children under 5 years old in Tongliang County of Chongqing, and the related factors that affect the growth retardation of children aged 2 years.
The research object and methods respectively in 2002 and 2005 four in Tongliang County of Chongqing city hospital to raise a total of 300 healthy women and their newborn children, and follow-up length (height). According to the inclusion criteria: (1) all the children were single birth, full-term infants, excluding the body lattice growth of the disease at birth. (2 all of the follow-up period (birth), 1.5 years old, 2 years old, 2.5 years old, 3.5 years old, 4.5 years old, 5 years old) at least two times follow-up time is continuous. (3) to exclude various chronic diseases appear in the growth process. (4) continue to exclude immunomodulators or long-term use of hormones by children. Professional use of standard measuring instrument for birth weight, length, height and body weight before pregnancy mother and follow-up period of children's height (height). Height growth analysis according to the standard reference frame: children under the age of 7 in 2005 nine China suburb Development Research on the index of catch-up growth and growth slowdown. Is defined as the length (height) percentile than previous age percentile up or cross over a percentile line. Growth retardation is defined by the WHO (WHO) age 0-6 years old children don't height standard for reference, calculate children's height for age Z score (HAZ.HAZ=) (a standard reference population median height height measured value) / standard groups of children in this age group is the standard deviation; HAZ-2 judgment for growth retardation. Statistical analysis by SPSSl7.0 software, the general data measurement data were expressed as mean and standard deviation, count data expressed as a percentage of different populations in different years were the height of children the difference T test, single factor analysis of the relationship between the factors and the rate of growth retardation by chi square test, using non conditional Logistic regression model analysis of the factors affecting the growth retardation of children under age 2: gender, birth weight, mother Height, BMI value before pregnancy.
Results (1) in this study, children of all ages to mean height compared to 2005 nine national average standard (except for low birth length), there was statistical significance (P0.05), 05 groups have significant differences in the height of children at the age of 2.5 years compared with 02 group (P0.05); (2) children from birth to 5 years old the growth slowdown and catch up, accounts for the proportion of growth gradually reduced; (3) women of all ages of children were lower than male children's growth retardation rate is high, the overall rate of growth retardation at the age of 2.5 was the highest of 11.9%; (4) the child's sex, birth weight, maternal height, maternal pre pregnancy BMI had significant influence on the height of children 2 the age of the mother. Height is an important factor affecting children's height.
Conclusion (1) the study tracked children height growth of less than the national average (excluding birth length); (2) children under the age of 5 to height percentile line change, but with the increase of age tends to be stable; (3) under the age of 5 girls than boys more susceptible to growth retardation (; 4) growth retardation is the result of multiple factors, genetic factors as mother height is an important factor influencing the growth retardation of children aged 2.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R179

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