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  本文選題：留守兒童　切入點：孤獨　出處：《山東大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：研究背景 隨著我國社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,大批農(nóng)村青壯年勞動力進城務工或經(jīng)商,由于教育制度、戶籍制度、經(jīng)濟能力等限制,將其子女留在戶籍所在地,并由此產(chǎn)生了“農(nóng)村留守兒童”這一特殊群體。與非留守兒童相比,特殊的成長環(huán)境使其在生理健康、心理健康及行為等方面存在一定差異。農(nóng)村留守兒童能否全面健康成長,不僅關系到他們的個人發(fā)展,還會影響整個社會和國家的未來發(fā)展。 研究目的 本研究適時關注“農(nóng)村留守兒童”問題,通過對比分析了解留守兒童與非留守兒童孤獨現(xiàn)狀及其影響因素,提出對策與建議,為改善農(nóng)村留守兒童孤獨狀況提供參考依據(jù)。 資料與方法 本研究采用分層整群隨機抽樣法,在山東省東、中、西部地區(qū)各隨機抽取一個縣(縣級市)：濰坊市高密市、濟寧市微山縣、德州市陵縣。每個縣(縣級市)各隨機抽取一個鄉(xiāng)(鎮(zhèn))。根據(jù)學校人數(shù)不同,每個鄉(xiāng)(鎮(zhèn))抽取1-3所小學,并將被抽中小學的全部小學生納入研究對象。使用自制問卷及兒童孤獨量表進行問卷調查。使用Epidata軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)錄入,運用SPSS16.0軟件包進行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計分析。 主要結果 1)2047名調查對象中,留守兒童共546名,占總調查兒童的26.7%,比重較高；留守兒童性別比例基本持平；調查兒童年齡介于6～14歲,不同年齡組留守兒童構成差異明顯,6-8歲年齡段留守兒童比重最高。2)農(nóng)村兒童孤獨量表平均得分22.78±4.48分,其中留守兒童平均得分23.63±4.68分,非留守兒童平均得分22.47±4.37分,差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義,前者的孤獨水平顯著高于后者。3)單因素分析顯示,影響兒童孤獨的單因素有性別、年齡等,男性兒童孤獨量表得分高于女性兒童,6、8、9歲年齡段孤獨量表得分最高；4)18.9%的被調查兒童存在孤獨傾向；其中,留守兒童的孤獨傾向檢出率為26.7%,非留守兒童的孤獨傾向檢出率為16.1%,差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義；男、女留守兒童孤獨傾向檢出率均分別高于非留守男、女兒童,差異均具有統(tǒng)計學意義。5)多因素Logistic回歸模型分析結果顯示,影響農(nóng)村兒童孤獨的因素主要有年齡段、是否為留守兒童、是否經(jīng)常被教師罰站、是否經(jīng)常被教師批評、是否有同學/朋友傾聽心事、父親是否教導道理、父親是否輔導功課、是否經(jīng)常受到父親責罵、母親是否輔導功課、是否經(jīng)常受到母親責罵、父母是否經(jīng)常冷戰(zhàn)。 結論與建議 1)農(nóng)村留守兒童孤獨狀況較非留守兒童嚴重,應當引起家庭、學校和社會重視；2)家長和教師應當對兒童采取恰當?shù)慕逃绞?多加關心、溝通和教導,避免過于嚴厲、過度責罰。父母應當營造和睦的家庭氛圍,避免在,兒童面前發(fā)生過于頻繁的爭執(zhí)或矛盾；3)留守兒童比非留守兒童更缺乏父母關愛,且更易受到來自教師的批評和懲罰,家長、教師和社會應多加關愛和引導,幫助其提高心理健康水平、克服孤獨問題。
[Abstract]:Research backgroundWith the social and economic development of our country, a large number of young and middle-aged rural labors went to cities to work or do business. Because of the restrictions of the education system, the household registration system, the economic ability, and so on, they left their children in the place where they were registered.And thus produced the "rural children left behind" this special group.Compared with the non-left-behind children, there are some differences in their physical health, mental health and behavior due to their special growing environment.Whether the rural left-behind children can grow up in a healthy way is not only related to their personal development, but also to the future development of the whole society and the country.Research purposeThis study pays close attention to the problem of "rural left-behind children" at the right time. Through the comparative analysis of the loneliness of left-behind children and non-left-behind children and its influencing factors, the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to provide a reference for improving the loneliness of left-behind children in rural areas.Data and methodsIn this study, stratified cluster random sampling method was used to randomly select one county in east, middle and west of Shandong Province (county level: Gaomi City, Weifang City, Weishan County in Jining City, Ling County in Dezhou City).Each county (county level city) randomly selected a township (town).According to the number of schools, 1-3 primary schools were selected from each township (town), and all the primary and middle school students were included in the study.A self-made questionnaire and a children's loneliness scale were used.Epidata software is used for data input and SPSS16.0 software package is used for data statistic analysis.Main results(1) of the 2047 children surveyed, 546 were left-behind children, accounting for 26.7 percent of the total children surveyed, while the sex ratio of the left-behind children was basically the same, and the age of the children surveyed was between 6 and 14 years old.There were significant differences in the composition of left-behind children in different age groups. The proportion of left-behind children aged 6-8 years was the highest. 2) the average score of rural children's loneliness scale was 22.78 鹵4.48, in which the average score of left-behind children was 23.63 鹵4.68, and the average score of non-left-behind children was 22.47 鹵4.37.The difference was statistically significant. The loneliness level of the former was significantly higher than that of the latter. 3) the univariate analysis showed that the single factors influencing children's loneliness were gender, age and so on.The scores of male children with loneliness scale were higher than that of female children aged from 6 to 8 years old. The highest score of the scale was 418.9%.The detection rate of loneliness tendency of left-behind children was 26.7cm, and that of non-left-behind children was 16.1.The difference was statistically significant, and the rate of loneliness tendency of boys and women left-behind children was higher than that of non-left-behind boys and girls, respectively, while that of non-left-behind children was significantly higher than that of non-left-behind children.The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the main factors influencing the loneliness of rural children were age, whether they were left-behind children, whether they were often punished by teachers, whether they were often criticized by teachers.Is there a classmate / friend who listens to what's on his mind, whether his father teaches truth, whether his father instructs his lessons, whether he is often scolded by his father, whether he is often scolded by her mother, whether she is often scolded by his mother, and whether his parents often have a cold war.Conclusions and recommendations1) the isolated situation of rural left-behind children is more serious than that of non-left-behind children, which should arouse the attention of families, schools and society. Parents and teachers should take appropriate educational methods, pay more attention, communicate and teach their children so as to avoid being too strict.Excessive chastisement.Parents should create a harmonious family atmosphere and avoid too frequent disputes or conflicts in front of children.) left-behind children lack parental care and are more vulnerable to criticism and punishment from teachers than non-left-behind children.Teachers and society should pay more attention and guidance to help them improve their mental health and overcome the problem of loneliness.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R179

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