本文選題：農(nóng)村留守兒童　切入點：心理復(fù)原力　出處：《華中科技大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的了解農(nóng)村留守兒童心理復(fù)原力的特點，探討影響留守兒童心理復(fù)原力發(fā)展的保護因素，為提升農(nóng)村留守兒童心理復(fù)原力水平提供指導(dǎo)和依據(jù)，促進其身心的健康發(fā)展。方法采用現(xiàn)況調(diào)查方法，在麻城市隨機抽取2個外出務(wù)工人員較多的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)為調(diào)查現(xiàn)場，然后在每個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)隨機選擇小學(xué)（僅6年級）、初中、高中各一所，以多階段整群抽樣的方法抽取10～18歲農(nóng)村兒童。用自編一般情況問卷、青少年心理復(fù)原力量表、中國中小學(xué)生心理健康量表以及相關(guān)心理行為量表對目標人群進行調(diào)查，通過描述性分析、t檢驗、χ2檢驗了解留守兒童心理健康問題和復(fù)原力水平的狀況，通過相關(guān)、回歸分析尋找留守兒童心理復(fù)原力的保護因素，并通過結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型探索其作用途徑。 結(jié)果共2000名學(xué)生參與調(diào)查，實際獲得有效問卷1926份，有效回收率為96.3%。調(diào)查對象平均年齡14.26±2.28歲，年齡范圍10～18歲。（1）基本情況描述：共1031名留守兒童，留守率為53.5%，其中61.4%的學(xué)生留守時間持續(xù)5年以上，，與家人的團聚頻率主要為1～2年團聚一次。留守兒童的家庭外出務(wù)工人員以父親為主，撫養(yǎng)人以母親為主，文化程度主要集中在初中及以下學(xué)歷。 （2）留守兒童與非留守兒童的比較：①人口學(xué)特征：留守兒童家庭月收入普遍高于非留守兒童（P0.05），父親的文化水平低于非留守兒童（P0.05），而在性別、年齡、年級以及獨生與否的分布特征無顯著性差異（P0.05）。②心理復(fù)原力特征：留守兒童的整體復(fù)原力水平高于非留守兒童，差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P0.05）。③心理健康問題：兩組兒童總體心理健康水平及各癥狀因子間的差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P0.05）。 （3）留守兒童心理健康水平的影響因素：農(nóng)村留守兒童心理健康水平在各留守因素如外出打工人員、留守時間、撫養(yǎng)方式、聯(lián)系頻率、團聚頻率上均存在顯著性差異（P0.05）。留守時間越長，與父母聯(lián)系或團聚的頻率越低心理健康問題表現(xiàn)越嚴重。 （4）復(fù)原力與心理健康水平的關(guān)系：高復(fù)原力水平組在心理健康的各癥狀因子上的得分均顯著小于低復(fù)原力水平組（P0.05）。 （5）復(fù)原力的保護因素：心理復(fù)原力水平對自尊、一般自我效能感、積極應(yīng)對方式和社會支持均具有顯著的預(yù)測作用。 （6）心理復(fù)原力的作用途徑：復(fù)原力的各保護因素均與心理復(fù)原力呈顯著的正相關(guān)，與心理健康問題呈顯著負相關(guān)，且各保護因素均通過心理復(fù)原力的中介作用對心理健康水平產(chǎn)生影響。 結(jié)論農(nóng)村留守兒童復(fù)原力水平高于非留守兒童，其心理健康水平在各種留守因素上存在顯著性差異。自尊、一般自我效能感、社會支持和積極應(yīng)對方式等因素均通過心理復(fù)原力的中介作用影響留守兒童心理健康水平。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the characteristics of psychological resilience of left-behind children in rural areas, to explore the protective factors affecting the development of psychological resilience of left-behind children, and to provide guidance and basis for improving the level of psychological resilience of left-behind children in rural areas. Methods two villages and towns with a large number of migrant workers were randomly selected for investigation in Maicheng, and then randomly selected primary schools (only grade 6, junior middle school, and high school) in each township to promote their physical and mental health development. Rural children aged 10 to 18 years old were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The target population was investigated by self-made general situation questionnaire, psychological recovery strength table of adolescents, mental health scale of Chinese primary and middle school students and related psychological behavior scale. Through descriptive analysis and 蠂 2 test, we found out the mental health problems and resilience level of left-behind children, and found the protective factors of psychological resilience of left-behind children by correlation and regression analysis. And through the structural equation model to explore its action path. Results A total of 2000 students participated in the investigation, 1926 valid questionnaires were obtained, the effective recovery rate was 96.33.The average age of the subjects was 14.26 鹵2.28 years old, and the basic information description was: 1031 children left behind. The retention rate was 53.5, among which 61.4% of the students stayed for more than 5 years, and the frequency of reunions with their families was mainly from 1 to 2 years. Education level is mainly concentrated in junior high school and below. (2) A comparison between left-behind children and non-left-behind children: the monthly income of left-behind children is generally higher than that of non-left-behind children (P0.05), and the educational level of fathers is lower than that of non-left-behind children. There was no significant difference in the distribution characteristics of grade and only child. P0.05.2 psychological resilience: the overall resilience level of left-behind children was higher than that of non-left-behind children. The difference was statistically significant (P 0.05): there was no significant difference in the overall mental health level and symptom factors between the two groups (P 0.05). (3) the influencing factors of mental health level of left-behind children: the mental health level of rural left-behind children in various factors such as migrant workers, stay time, rearing style, contact frequency, There were significant differences in the frequency of reunion (P 0.05). The longer the stay time was, the lower the frequency of contact or reunion with parents was, the more serious the mental health problem was. (4) the relationship between resilience and mental health level: the scores of each symptom factor of mental health in the high resilience group were significantly lower than those in the low resilience group (P 0.05). (5) the protective factors of resilience: the level of psychological resilience has a significant predictive effect on self-esteem, general self-efficacy, positive coping style and social support. (6) the functional pathway of resilience: the protective factors of resilience were positively correlated with mental resilience and negatively correlated with mental health problems. All protective factors have an effect on mental health through the mediating effect of psychological resilience. Conclusion the level of resilience of rural left-behind children is higher than that of non-left-behind children, and there are significant differences in their mental health level in various factors, such as self-esteem and general self-efficacy. Social support and positive coping style all influence the mental health level of left-behind children through the mediating role of psychological resilience.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R179

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本文編號：1658997