本文選題：槐蔭區(qū)　切入點：生活飲用水　出處：《山東大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：水是生命之源,每位健康成年人體內的水約占其體重的百分之六十五,并且機體內的水參與了其所有的新陳代謝過程。因此,人類的生存和發(fā)展都離不開水。作為當代中國經濟發(fā)展程度以及國民生存質量的重要體現(xiàn)形式,居民日常飲用水的衛(wèi)生安全狀況嚴重影響著我們的生命康健水平。"民以食為天。"食品是人類生存之本,它可以直接或間接地對本國的政治、經濟、文化多領域產生重要影響。隨著我國及世界各國紛紛涌現(xiàn)的食品安全問題,全球人民關注的焦點逐漸集中到公眾食品安全方面,我國中央及各級政府都十分注重食品安全問題。探索長壽地區(qū)與非長壽地區(qū)的水質差異,可以為解鎖長壽密碼提供必要依據。[研究目的]通過對2014-2016年濟南市槐蔭區(qū)居民生活飲用水水質和食品某些指標的衛(wèi)生檢測,了解槐蔭區(qū)生活飲用水和食品的安全狀況。通過連續(xù)三年的數據改變,分析水質和食品安全狀況的改變趨勢。通過對比分析蒙山長壽地區(qū)和槐蔭區(qū)水質的差異,為解答兩地60歲以上老年人心腦血管疾病、呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病、糖尿病患病率差異提供參考依據,從而為改善人們的生活和生命水平提出借鑒價值。[研究方法]在濟南市槐蔭區(qū)選擇多個供水點和食品采樣點,參考國家標準方法《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標準》(GB/T 5749-2006)、《食品安全國家標準》、《食品中化學污染物及有害因素監(jiān)測技術手冊》、《食品安全國家標準食品添加劑使用標準》(GB 2760-2014)、《2015年國家食品污染物和有害因素風險監(jiān)測工作手冊》、《2016年國家食品污染物和有害因素風險監(jiān)測工作手冊》等規(guī)范性文件對相應的衛(wèi)生指標進行檢測。結合兩地的60歲以上老年人心腦血管疾病、呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病、糖尿病患病率,將其中的水質指標與從蒙山長壽地區(qū)采集的飲用水標本檢測結果進行比較分析。[研究結果]水質檢測微生物指標結果中,三年來大腸埃希氏菌的達標率一直是100%,總大腸菌群的達標率一直在升高;飲用水檢測毒理學指標結果中,三年來硝酸鹽指標的達標率存在較大波動,2014年的硝酸鹽達標率率僅有57.5%,隨后的兩年內合格率雖有大幅度提高,但仍未達到100%,其余毒理學指標的合格率一直很穩(wěn)定且較高;水質檢測感官性狀和一般化學指標結果中,三年來色度、渾濁度和總硬度這三個項目波動較明顯,且無明顯規(guī)律,其他項目的達標率均較高且穩(wěn)定。食品化學污染物檢測項目中,三年來肉類及其制品中鉛和砷的合格率有較大波動,其中砷的波動最明顯且無明顯規(guī)律可循;三年來乳類及其制品中鉛、鎘、砷、汞等化學污染物指標合格率一直為100%,食品安全性較高;三年來鮮凍水產動物中鉛、鎘、砷、汞等化學污染物中鉛的合格率一直很低,約為50%左右;三年來谷物及其制品中鉛、鎘、砷、汞等化學污染物中砷的合格率波動最明顯且無規(guī)律可循。食品微生物指標檢測中,四大類食品中的大腸菌群、單核細胞增生性李斯特菌、金黃色葡萄球菌、沙門氏菌、致瀉大腸埃希氏菌、副溶血性弧菌、蠟樣芽胞桿菌的合格率均為100%,僅有菌落總數這一項指標的合格率存在波動且無規(guī)律可循。2014年蒙山長壽地區(qū)60歲以上老人的心腦血管疾病、呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病、糖尿病患病率明顯比槐蔭區(qū)的上述數據低。與蒙山長壽地區(qū)的水質毒理學指標對比可見槐蔭區(qū)居民飲用水中的砷、鎘、鉻、汞四項指標含量顯著高于蒙山長壽地區(qū)的,硒含量顯著低于蒙山長壽地區(qū)的硒水平;感官性狀和一般化學指標對比結果中,槐蔭區(qū)居民飲用水中的鐵、銅、總硬度含量明顯高于蒙山長壽地區(qū),差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義。[研究結論]分析2014-2016年槐蔭區(qū)水質和食品指標,總體合格率較高。分析其合格率趨勢,發(fā)現(xiàn)無論是水質還是食品檢測,其微生物學指標合格率一直較高且穩(wěn)定;水質檢測中硝酸鹽含量合格率在逐年升高。食品檢測項目中,乳類及其制品中鉛、鎘、砷、汞等化學污染物指標合格率一直為100%,食品安全性較高;鮮凍水產動物中鉛的合格率一直很低,約為50%左右;其他存在波動的指標變化趨勢未發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯的規(guī)律,可能是由于追蹤時間太短造成的;對比槐蔭區(qū)和長壽之鄉(xiāng)的水質報告,發(fā)現(xiàn)部分明顯的指標區(qū)別,如砷、鎘、鉻、汞、硒、鐵、銅、總硬度等,這或許是造成兩地60歲以上居民心血管疾病、呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病、糖尿病患病率差異的因素之一。
[Abstract]:Water is the Source of Life healthy adults, each water accounts for about sixty-five percent of body weight, and body of water in the process of all The new supersedes the old.. Therefore, human survival and development are inseparable from the boiling water. As the degree of economic development and an important manifestation of contemporary Chinese form the national quality of life, health and safety situation daily the drinking water of residents seriously affect our life level. Kang Jian "hunger breeds discontentment." food is human survival, it can directly or indirectly on the country's political, economic and cultural fields have an important impact. With the food safety problem in our country and around the world have emerged, the global focus of people's attention gradually concentrated to the public food safety, China's central and local governments have paid great attention to food safety problems. The water quality to explore the difference in longevity areas and non longevity area, can Unlock long passwords provide the necessary basis for health inspection of 2014-2016 years in Huaiyin District of Ji'nan city residents drinking water and food. Some indexes by research to understand, Huaiyin District of drinking water and food safety situation. Changed by three consecutive years of data, the change trend of water quality analysis and food safety situation. Through the comparative analysis the longevity of differences between regions and Huaiyin District water quality, for the elderly to answer the two above 60 years old cardiovascular disease, respiratory system disease, diabetes prevalence rate differences provide a reference basis, and puts forward the reference value. Research methods in Huaiyin District of Ji'nan City, select a number of water points and food sampling points to improve the people's life and life level according to national standards, "drinking water health standards (GB/T > 5749-2006) < >, the national food safety standards, chemical pollutants in food and harmful factors. Manual monitoring technology >, < standard > the use of national food safety standards of food additives (GB 2760-2014), <2015 national food contaminants and harmful factors in the risk monitoring work manual >, <2016 national food contaminants and harmful factors in the risk monitoring work manual "and other normative documents to detect the corresponding health indicators. Combining with the elderly over 60 years of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, the prevalence of diabetes, the results of the detection of water quality index and the longevity area collected from the drinking water were compared. Results] the water quality detection of microbial indexes in three years, the standard rate of Escherichia coli was 100%, the total coliform group the success rate has been increased; drinking water testing results of toxicological indicators in three years, the standard rate of the nitrate index significant fluctuation rate of nitrate in 2014 The rate of only 57.5%, then two years passing rate was greatly improved, but has not yet reached 100%, the qualified rate of other toxicological indicators has been very stable and high quality; detection of sensory traits and general chemical indicators results in three years, chroma, turbidity and total hardness of the three projects fluctuate obviously, and no clear rules and other items of the compliance rate were high and stable. Food chemical pollutant detection project in three years, the qualified rate of lead and arsenic in meat and meat products have greater volatility, the volatility of arsenic is most obvious and no obvious regularity; three years of milk and its products of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury index other chemical pollutants pass rate has been 100%, food safety is higher; three years of fresh frozen aquatic animal in the lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and other chemical pollutants in the qualified rate of lead has been very low, about 50%; three years of grain and its products of lead, cadmium, arsenic, The qualified rate of mercury and other chemical pollutants of arsenic in the most obvious fluctuation and no rules. Detection of microbiological criteria for foods, four kinds of food in Escherichia coli monocytogenes Lester bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, diarrheogenil Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the qualified rate of wax bacillus was 100%, the qualified rate of the index only the total number of colonies fluctuated irregularly and.2014 Mengshan longevity areas 60 years old cardiovascular disease, respiratory system disease, diabetes prevalence rate significantly higher than the data of Huaiyin District is low. And Mengshan longevity areas in the toxicological indicators of water quality comparison of residents the Huaiyin District of arsenic in drinking water, cadmium, chromium, mercury and four indexes were significantly higher than those in Mengshan longevity areas, selenium content was significantly lower than that of Mengshan longevity selenium area; sensory traits and general chemical indicators of Compared to the result, Huaiyin District residents drinking water of iron, copper, total hardness was significantly higher than that of Mengshan longevity, statistical significance. Conclusion on the analysis of 2014-2016 years of Huaiyin District water quality and food index difference is, the overall qualified rate is higher. The qualified rate of trend analysis, found that both water or food testing, the microbiological indicators qualified the rate has been high and stable rate increased year by year; the nitrate content of qualified water quality measurement. Food inspection project, milk and its products of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and other chemical pollutants indicators qualified rate was 100%, higher food safety; the qualified rate of fresh frozen aquatic animal lead has been very low, ca. about 50%; other volatility trend found no obvious rules, may be because the tracking time is too short due to water quality; Huaiyin District reported contrast and longevity of the report, found that some obvious Indicators, such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, selenium, iron, copper and total hardness, may be one of the factors that cause the difference of cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease and diabetes prevalence between residents over 60 years old.

【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R123.1

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