本文關(guān)鍵詞： 糖尿病 飲食 手機(jī)短信 糖尿病教育　出處：《廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目的：了解糖尿病人的膳食狀況、飲食知識、飲食態(tài)度及飲食習(xí)慣。了解通過過短信方式進(jìn)行飲食教育能否改善患者的膳食結(jié)構(gòu)、飲食習(xí)慣和飲食態(tài)度，提高飲食知識水平。 方法：采用問卷調(diào)查方法對符合入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)糖尿病患者60人進(jìn)行進(jìn)行膳食結(jié)構(gòu)、飲食態(tài)度、飲食知識、飲食習(xí)慣調(diào)查，，并隨機(jī)分為對照組和干預(yù)組，干預(yù)組住院期間接受糖尿病教育，并在出院后通過短信方式繼續(xù)進(jìn)行飲食教育，對照組僅住院期間接受同樣的糖尿病教育，3個(gè)月后分析兩組膳食結(jié)構(gòu)、飲食知識、飲食態(tài)度及飲食習(xí)慣的改變。 結(jié)果：本次調(diào)查對象每日膳食中畜禽肉類、乳類、蛋類、魚蝦類、水果、豆類攝入量分別占推薦量的207.8%、34.5%、57.7%、50.4%、43.3%、27.7%。病程與糖尿病患者蔬菜類、禽畜肉類、蛋類、魚類的每日膳食攝入量及糖尿病患者飲食態(tài)度評分有相關(guān)性(P0.05)，R值分別為0.2、-0.2、0.2、-0.3、0.3。本次調(diào)查對象有食用粗糧習(xí)慣的15例(25％)，按時(shí)就餐的43例(71.7％)，食用動物油的4例(6.7％)，經(jīng)常飲酒的16例(26.7％)，經(jīng)常吃零食的7例(11.7％)，每餐食用時(shí)間＞10min的34例(56.7％)，經(jīng)常食用高熱量食品的17例(28.3％)。 與干預(yù)前對比干預(yù)組谷類、禽畜肉類的攝入量及常食高熱量食物、飲酒的人數(shù)比例減少，蔬菜類攝入量、飲食知識評分及常食粗糧、常食零食、進(jìn)餐時(shí)間10min、按時(shí)就餐的人數(shù)比例增加(P0.05)；與對照組比較，干預(yù)后飲食知識評分高于對照組(P0.05)。 結(jié)論： 1、糖尿病患者對禽畜肉類的攝入過多，對乳類、蛋類、魚蝦類、豆類的攝入量低。 2、學(xué)歷與糖尿病患者谷類、肉類攝入量呈正相關(guān)性，與魚類的攝入量呈負(fù)相關(guān)性；病程與糖尿病患者蔬菜類、蛋類的攝入量及飲食態(tài)度和飲食知識評分呈正相關(guān)性，與肉類的攝入量呈負(fù)相關(guān)性。 3、糖尿病患者多數(shù)能做到按時(shí)就餐，但對粗糧的攝入不足，部分患者有食用動物油、飲酒、食用高熱量食品及吃零食的習(xí)慣。 4、短信教育可以減少患者谷類、禽畜肉類的攝入量及食用高熱量食物、飲酒的人數(shù)比例；增加患者蔬菜類攝入量、飲食知識及食用粗糧、零食、按時(shí)就餐及用餐時(shí)間10min的人數(shù)比例。 5、與常規(guī)飲食教育對比通過手機(jī)短信對患者進(jìn)行飲食教育可以使患者掌握更多的飲食知識。
[Abstract]:Objective: to understand the dietary status, dietary knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary habits of diabetic patients, and to understand whether diet education through SMS can improve the dietary structure, dietary habits and dietary attitudes of patients, and improve their dietary knowledge level. Methods: a questionnaire survey was conducted among 60 diabetic patients who met the criteria of diabetes mellitus. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: control group and intervention group. The intervention group received diabetes education during hospitalization and continued diet education by SMS after discharge. The control group received the same diabetes education only during hospitalization. After 3 months the diet structure and dietary knowledge of the two groups were analyzed. Changes in dietary attitudes and eating habits. Results: the daily intake of livestock and poultry meat, milk, eggs, fish and shrimp, fruit and beans accounted for 207.8% of the recommended amount respectively. The daily dietary intake of fish and the score of dietary attitude of diabetic patients were significantly correlated with that of the patients with diabetes mellitus (P < 0.05), respectively. The R values of fish were 0.2- 0.2n 0.2U -0.3g 0.3.The subjects of this survey included 15 cases with the habit of eating coarse grain, 43 cases with regular meals and 71.7% with regular meals, 4 cases with edible animal oil and 4 cases with regular drinking. Of the 16 cases, 26.7%, 7 cases with regular snacks, 7 cases with 11.7%, 34 cases with more than 10 min for each meal, 56.7%, and 17 cases with regular consumption of high-calorie food, 28. 3%. Compared with the intervention group, the intake of cereals, livestock meat intake and high calorie diet, the proportion of drinkers decreased, the intake of vegetables, the score of dietary knowledge, the regular consumption of coarse grain and snacks, were compared with those before intervention. Compared with the control group, the score of dietary knowledge after intervention was higher than that of the control group. Conclusion:. 1. Diabetic patients consume too much meat, and low intake of milk, eggs, fish and shrimp, and beans. (2) the educational background was positively correlated with the intake of cereals and meat, and negatively with the intake of fish, and the course of disease was positively correlated with the intake of vegetables, eggs, dietary attitudes and dietary knowledge scores of diabetic patients. There was a negative correlation between meat intake and meat intake. 3. Most patients with diabetes can eat on time, but the intake of coarse grain is not enough. Some patients have the habit of eating animal oil, drinking alcohol, eating high-calorie food and eating snacks. (4) short message education can reduce the intake of cereals and livestock meat and the proportion of people who eat high-calorie foods and drink alcohol, increase the intake of vegetables, knowledge of diet and eating coarse grains, snacks, etc. The number of people who eat on time and 10 minutes. 5. Compared with the routine diet education, the patients can get more knowledge of diet by SMS.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R151

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