本文關(guān)鍵詞： 早產(chǎn)兒 低出生體重 認(rèn)知 注意 執(zhí)行功能　出處：《青島大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目的探討早產(chǎn)低出生體重對(duì)1-3歲幼兒認(rèn)知、注意和執(zhí)行功能的影響以及正常出生體重兒童注意發(fā)展的特點(diǎn)。 方法本研究的對(duì)象為16.5～31月齡早產(chǎn)低出生體重兒20名和正常出生體重(NBW)兒童53名。①兒童注意的評(píng)估：采用錄像計(jì)算機(jī)回放法,依次給予兒童“電子琴、廚房玩具”2組玩具,每組自由玩耍8分鐘(480秒),全程攝像,計(jì)算機(jī)回放評(píng)估兒童的注意時(shí)間,包括專注注意和偶然注意的時(shí)間,并給予注意等級(jí)評(píng)定。②采用貝利嬰幼兒發(fā)育量表評(píng)估兒童的認(rèn)知和運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)育。③執(zhí)行功能評(píng)估：采用“A非B任務(wù)”測驗(yàn),記錄3次測試中兒童找到被掩藏的玩具次數(shù)。④自制家庭環(huán)境調(diào)查問卷,了解兒童一般情況、母孕期情況和日常養(yǎng)育情況。 結(jié)果①正常幼兒注意時(shí)間：1-3歲NBW幼兒在自由玩�！巴婢�1、玩具2”各480秒時(shí),玩具1注意總時(shí)間為428.6±86.2秒,專注注意時(shí)間175.3±106.6秒,偶然注意時(shí)間為253.3±100.1秒；玩具2注意總時(shí)間為386.0±65.7秒,專注注意時(shí)間115.3±91.3秒,偶然注意時(shí)間為270.7±71.2秒,總的專注注意短于偶然注意時(shí)間(t=2.37,P0.01)。男童和女童之間的注意時(shí)間無顯著性差異；按注意等級(jí)評(píng)估,男童和女童也無顯著性差異。②認(rèn)知和運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)育：正常出生體重組智力發(fā)育指數(shù)(MDI)為113.1±9.8,早產(chǎn)低出生體重組為96.5±22.8,二者有顯著性差異(t=-3.24,P0.01),運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)育指數(shù)(PDI)分別為105.7±6.8和97.8±12.2,也有顯著性差異(t=-2.73,P0.05)。將早產(chǎn)低出生體重組按校正年齡評(píng)估,其MDI和PD1分別與對(duì)照組比較,MDI仍明顯低于對(duì)照組(t=11.4,P0.01),而PDI則無顯著性差異。正常出生體重組的MDI、PDI在中上等(=110)的比率較高,而低出生體重組在中下等(=89)的比率較高。低出生體重組MDI=89的占60%,正常出生體重組僅為1.9%。多元相關(guān)分析顯示MDI與胎齡、出生體重、母親文化水平及新生兒期重癥呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病存在相關(guān)關(guān)系。③低出生體重組注意時(shí)間：早產(chǎn)低出生體重兒與正常出生體重兒相比,僅對(duì)玩具2的偶然注意時(shí)間有顯著差異(t=-2.23,P0.05),余無顯著差異。按注意等級(jí)評(píng)估,早產(chǎn)組和對(duì)照組亦無顯著性差異。多元回歸分析顯示新生兒重癥呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病為注意發(fā)育的不利影響因素。④低出生體重組的執(zhí)行功能：與對(duì)照組相比,早產(chǎn)組執(zhí)行功能略低,但差異無顯著性(P=0.10),多元相關(guān)分析顯示,執(zhí)行功能與MDI、PDI存在顯著性相關(guān)關(guān)系,r分別為0.358、0.463,P0.05。 結(jié)論1-3歲正常出生體重幼兒專注注意時(shí)間短于偶然注意。低出生體重組幼兒的智力發(fā)育指數(shù)和運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)育指數(shù)低于正常出生體重組。未發(fā)現(xiàn)低出生體重幼兒注意時(shí)間及執(zhí)行功能與正常幼兒的顯著性差異,但執(zhí)行功能與MDI、PDI存在顯著相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the effects of low birth weight at preterm birth on cognition, attention and executive function of children aged 1-3 and the characteristics of attention development in children with normal birth weight. Methods the subjects of this study were 20 preterm infants with low birth weight and 53 children with normal birth weight (NBW). The children were given "electronic organ, kitchen toy" two groups of toys by video computer playback. Each group was free to play for 8 minutes or 480 seconds. The whole course was filmed and the computer played back to assess the attention time of the child, including the time of attention and accidental attention. At the same time, the attention rating was given. 2. Using the Bailey Infant Development scale to assess the cognitive and motor development of children, the executive function of cognitive and motor development was evaluated by "A non-B task" test. The number of toys found in the three tests was recorded. 4. Self-made family environment questionnaire was made to find out the general situation of the children, the maternal pregnancy and the daily upbringing. Results (1) at 480 seconds of toy 1 and toy 2, the total attention time of toy 1 and toy 2 were 428.6 鹵86.2 seconds, 175.3 鹵106.6 seconds, 253.3 鹵100.1 seconds, and 386.0 鹵65.7 seconds, respectively. The time of attention was 115.3 鹵91.3 seconds, and the time of accidental attention was 270.7 鹵71.2 seconds. The total attention time was shorter than that of accidental attention. There was no significant difference in attention time between boys and girls. There was also no significant difference in cognitive and motor development between boys and girls. The MDI of normal birth weight group was 113.1 鹵9.8, and that of premature low birth weight group was 96.5 鹵22.8. There was a significant difference between them. The PDI of normal birth weight group was 105.7 鹵6.8 and 97.8 鹵12.2 respectively, and the PDI was 105.7 鹵6.8 and 97.8 鹵12.2 respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups. The low birth weight group was evaluated according to the corrected age. Compared with the control group, MDI and PD1 were still significantly lower than that of the control group (P 0.01), but PDI had no significant difference. The rate of MDI in the normal birth weight group was higher than that in the control group. The proportion of MDI=89 in low birth weight group was 60, and that in normal birth weight group was 1.9 percent. Multiple correlation analysis showed that MDI was associated with gestational age and birth weight. 3. Attention time in low birth weight group: compared with normal birth weight infant, premature low birth weight infant, Only for toy 2, there was a significant difference in the time of accidental attention, and there was no significant difference in the rest. Multiple regression analysis showed that severe neonatal respiratory diseases were adverse factors of attention development. 4. Executive function of low birth weight group was slightly lower than that of control group. Multivariate correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the executive function and MDI PDI (r = 0.358 0. 463 P0.05, respectively). Conclusion the attention time of normal birth weight children aged 1-3 years is shorter than that of accidental attention. The intelligence development index and motor development index of children in low birth weight group are lower than those in normal birth weight group, and no attention is found in children with low birth weight. There were significant differences in time and executive function between children and normal children. However, there was a significant correlation between the executive function and the MDI PDI.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R174

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 Saroj Saigal;曹云;;極低和超低出生體重早產(chǎn)兒遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后[J];中國循證兒科雜志;2007年05期

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本文編號(hào)：1528918