發(fā)布時間：2018-01-31 13:19

  本文關鍵詞： 吸煙 戒煙 成年人 廣東　出處：《中國全科醫(yī)學》2017年33期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：背景煙草危害健康是目前全球的公共衛(wèi)生難題,針對吸煙和戒煙行為的監(jiān)控、研究具有重大意義。目的了解當前廣東省珠江三角洲居民的吸煙和戒煙行為流行現況,并進一步探討該地區(qū)成年人戒煙行為的影響因素,以期為相關衛(wèi)生機構制定有效的煙草控制措施提供充分的證據。方法 2015年7月—2016年10月采用多階段整群隨機抽樣的方法,先在廣東省珠江三角洲地區(qū)9個城市中隨機抽取深圳、珠海、東莞共3個城市,再在每個城市隨機抽取1個城區(qū)(鎮(zhèn))作為研究點,然后在每個研究點隨機抽取不低于1 500戶家庭,最終共選取18 102例18歲以上常住居民為調查對象。采用國家衛(wèi)生計生委制定的家庭健康詢問調查表的部分內容進行調查,調查內容包括居民的人口學特征(性別、年齡、戶籍所在地、婚姻狀況、文化程度)、疾病情況[高血壓、糖尿病、心臟病、腦卒中、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、腫瘤]情況、吸煙行為、每日吸煙量、起始吸煙年齡。結果 18 102例居民中,不吸煙14 740例(81.43%),吸煙2 885例(15.94%),戒煙477例(2.63%)。男性吸煙率高于女性(P0.05);35~64歲居民吸煙率高于18~34歲、≥65歲居民(P0.05);本地戶籍居民吸煙率低于外地戶籍居民(P0.05);大專、本科及以上文化程度居民吸煙率低于小學及以下文化程度居民和初中、中專或高中文化程度居民(P0.05)。男性吸煙居民每日吸煙量大于女性(P0.05);不同性別吸煙居民起始吸煙年齡比較,差異無統計學意義(P0.05)。患有高血壓、糖尿病、心臟病、腦卒中、COPD的有吸煙史居民戒煙率均高于未患疾病有吸煙史居民(P0.05);患有腫瘤的有吸煙史居民戒煙率與未患有腫瘤的有吸煙史居民比較,差異無統計學意義(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回歸分析結果顯示,性別[OR=1.823,95%CI(1.283,2.592)]、年齡[35~64歲:OR=3.610,95%CI(2.172,6.001);≥65歲:OR=13.760,95%CI(8.102,23.367)]、文化程度(大專、本科及以上)[OR=1.846,95%CI(1.327,2.568)]、高血壓[OR=1.903,95%CI(1.491,2.429)]、腦卒中[OR=3.376,95%CI(1.884,6.048)]、COPD[OR=2.081,95%CI(1.115,3.882)]是居民戒煙行為的影響因素(P0.05)。結論廣東省珠江三角洲居民的吸煙率、戒煙率均較低;而女性,≥35歲,大專、本科及以上文化程度和疾病因素(高血壓、腦卒中、COPD)可促進居民戒煙。今后仍需持續(xù)關注和監(jiān)測居民吸煙流行狀況,并加強重點人群的健康宣教及干預措施,爭取早期控制吸煙、成功戒煙,避免發(fā)生與吸煙相關的疾病,從而促進人群健康。
[Abstract]:Background Tobacco endangers health is a global public health problem, the monitoring of smoking and smoking cessation behavior. Objective to investigate the prevalence of smoking and smoking cessation behavior among residents in Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Province, and to explore the influencing factors of smoking cessation behavior among adults in this area. In order to provide sufficient evidence for relevant health institutions to formulate effective tobacco control measures. Methods from July 2015 to October 2016, multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used. First, Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Dongguan were randomly selected from 9 cities in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong Province, and then one city (town) was randomly selected from each city as the research point. No less than 1,500 households were then randomly selected at each study point. A total of 18 102 permanent residents over 18 years of age were selected for investigation. Part of the family health questionnaire developed by the National Health and Family Planning Commission was used to investigate. The survey included demographic characteristics of the population (sex, age, domicile location, marital status, educational background, disease status). [Hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cancer] smoking behavior, daily smoking volume, age of initial smoking. Results 18 102 residents. No smoking was found in 14 740 cases (81.43), smoking in 2 885 cases (15. 94%), quitting smoking in 477 cases (2. 63%). The smoking rate of males was higher than that of females (P 0. 05%). The smoking rate of the residents aged 35 to 64 years was higher than that of the patients aged 18 to 34 years. The smoking rate of local residents was lower than that of other residents. The smoking rate of college, undergraduate and above residents is lower than that of primary school students and junior middle school students. The average daily smoking rate of male smokers was higher than that of females. There was no significant difference between the age of smoking and the onset age of smoking in different genders (P 0.05). Patients with hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke. The smoking cessation rate of residents with history of smoking in COPD was higher than that of residents with smoking history without disease (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in smoking cessation rate between residents with cancer and those with smoking history without tumor (P 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that: sex, sex, and sex. [OR1.82395 CIQ 1.283 2.592], age. [35 / 64: ORK 3.610 / 95 / CI2.172 / 6.001; 鈮，

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