本文關(guān)鍵詞：近代西方藥學(xué)的傳入及對(duì)中藥學(xué)的影響，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

近代西方藥學(xué)的傳入及對(duì)中藥學(xué)的影響

近代西方藥學(xué)的傳入及對(duì)中藥學(xué)的影響

鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后,西方列強(qiáng)的侵略使我國(guó)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等發(fā)生了根本性的轉(zhuǎn)變,西方藥學(xué)也是緊隨西方列強(qiáng)和傳教士而來(lái),作為一門科學(xué)技術(shù),客觀上它為中國(guó)人民提供了一種迅速有效的治療策略;但同時(shí)它的傳入及普及,對(duì)我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的中藥學(xué)產(chǎn)生了巨大的沖擊,甚至到了生死存亡的地步。鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后,西方的傳教士陸續(xù)來(lái)到中國(guó),他們通過(guò)在中國(guó)開辦診所、醫(yī)院,開設(shè)洋行、藥房及藥廠,建立西醫(yī)藥學(xué)校,翻譯出版西藥書籍以及吸引中國(guó)留學(xué)生去國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)等途徑,將西方藥學(xué)引入進(jìn)來(lái),并且使中國(guó)醫(yī)藥學(xué)者和人民逐漸接受。外國(guó)傳教士傳入西方藥學(xué)的同時(shí),清政府及醫(yī)藥界學(xué)者也效仿建立西醫(yī)藥學(xué)校、開辦了藥廠、編譯及自編西藥書籍,而且數(shù)量之多遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)外國(guó)人所創(chuàng)辦的。因?yàn)橛辛宋魉幍拇_切療效和特點(diǎn)作對(duì)比,人們漸漸看到中藥諸多方面的不足;看到中國(guó)的落后、西方國(guó)家的發(fā)達(dá),故不像傳入之初那樣排斥,而把西方藥學(xué)作為一門先進(jìn)的醫(yī)療措施、科學(xué)技術(shù)將其引入、研究、傳播及普及。國(guó)人由早期被動(dòng)接受到后來(lái)開始主動(dòng)吸收、傳播,也就是說(shuō)一些中國(guó)醫(yī)藥學(xué)者代替了西方傳教士在中國(guó)開始了傳播西醫(yī)藥知識(shí)的工作。誠(chéng)然,這樣更容易使西醫(yī)藥知識(shí)在中國(guó)得到推廣,使西方醫(yī)藥理論滲透到中國(guó)人的意識(shí)思維當(dāng)中,這也是當(dāng)初西方列強(qiáng)所期待的結(jié)果,進(jìn)而便于傾銷他們的商品。醫(yī)藥學(xué)者為了學(xué)習(xí)研究的渴求,人民群眾出于治病療疾的需要,使得鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后不久西藥便以一種勢(shì)不可擋的氣勢(shì)在我國(guó)傳播開來(lái)。除了本身就學(xué)習(xí)西方醫(yī)藥學(xué)的學(xué)者外,一些中醫(yī)藥界的人士及人民群眾對(duì)西藥的關(guān)注也遠(yuǎn)大于中藥,使中醫(yī)藥在中國(guó)一統(tǒng)天下的局面徹底被打破,將傳統(tǒng)的中醫(yī)藥推向了生死存亡的邊緣;但同時(shí)也刺激了中醫(yī)藥自身的革新完善,使一直沿襲的傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)藥理論發(fā)生了變革,出現(xiàn)了不同的思潮;西方藥學(xué)的影響及留學(xué)歸國(guó)藥學(xué)家的共同努力,促成了中藥書刊、團(tuán)體的建立與發(fā)展及中藥科學(xué)化研究,即中藥界開始效仿西方,借助科學(xué)技術(shù)策略對(duì)中藥開始了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,而且隨著研究領(lǐng)域的不同,中藥學(xué)的學(xué)科分化顯有雛形,出現(xiàn)了中藥藥理學(xué)、中藥化學(xué)、中藥鑒定學(xué)、中藥制劑學(xué)、中藥炮制學(xué)等學(xué)科分支。本文通過(guò)以下方面的探索,揭示了近代時(shí)期西方藥學(xué)傳入中國(guó)的歷史過(guò)程及其對(duì)中藥學(xué)產(chǎn)生的重要影響:1.搜集、查閱近代時(shí)期西方藥學(xué)傳入的相關(guān)資料,系統(tǒng)整理了藥學(xué)傳入的歷史過(guò)程和具體情況,包括建立醫(yī)院、學(xué)校、藥廠,翻譯藥學(xué)書籍等。2.通過(guò)詳細(xì)查閱近代中醫(yī)藥學(xué)的相關(guān)資料,歸納出中藥學(xué)在近代發(fā)生的巨大變化,從而淺析淺析得出近代時(shí)期西方藥學(xué)傳入后對(duì)中藥學(xué)的重要影響。最終通過(guò)上述研究,詳述近代時(shí)期西方藥學(xué)的傳入史,明確其對(duì)中藥學(xué)發(fā)展的重要影響。這不僅可以使我們明晰近代藥學(xué)對(duì)中藥學(xué)發(fā)展的影響,也有助于理解中藥學(xué)的近況,從而為今后中藥學(xué)的研究發(fā)展提供有益的借鑒。

【Abstract】 the importation of western medicine in modern times and its influences on Chinese material medicaThe invasion of western imperialism induced to the changes of China in politics ,economy and culture after the Opium War.Pharmacy followed western imperialism and missionaries to China.As a method of science and technology, pharmacy offered objectly fast and utility means of treatment for Chinese.But the same time, its importation and popularity in China leaded to huge impact on Chinese material medica, even to the perished situation.After the Opium War, western missionaries came to China in succession. They set up clinics,hospitals,foreign trades,drugstores and pharmaceutical factorys.They established colleges of western medicine and translated pharmacy books. They also attracted Chinese students studying abroad to learn western medicine.Through the above channels, pharmacy was imported to China and accepted gradually by Chinese scholars and people.When foreign missionaries imported pharmacy,the government of the Qing Dynasty and medical circle imitated western countries to establish colleges of western medicine and pharmaceutical factorys,translate and compile pharmacy books, whose quantities was more than that of wastern countries.Because Chinese had felt the shortcomings of TCM through being contrasted to the features and the real therapeutic effects of western medicine and also saw China lagging far behind western countries,they intrduced, studyed and popularized pharmacy as a kind of advanced medical treatment and technology instead of rejected it at the beginning.Some scholars popularized western medicine instead of missionaries, so it would make pharmacy easier to be spreaded in China.Certainly, that was the initial purpose of western imperialism who wanted western medicine to permeate the Chinese minds and then dumped their goods.Because the people’s need for treatment and the scholar’s hunger for study, pharmacy was imported quickly and fiercely to China after the Opium War.Besides those scholars themselves of learning western medicine,some scholars of TCM and people payed more attention to pharmacy than Traditional Chinese hebals.The influences which the importation of pharmacy were followed:that broke thoroughly the situation of the TCM’s dominant position;that changed the theory of TCM and created several different thoughts;under the common endeavour of pharmacologist homecoming and the influence of pharmacy,the books , periodicals and organizations about Traditional Chinese hebals were founded, Chinese hebals were researched by the methods of science and technology,the branchs of Chinese

【關(guān)鍵詞】 近代； 藥學(xué)； 中藥學(xué)； 中外交流；
【Key words】 in modern times； pharmacy； Chinese material medica； medical exchange between China and other countries；

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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：近代西方藥學(xué)的傳入及對(duì)中藥學(xué)的影響，，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

本文編號(hào)：202149