眶眼區(qū)鈍挫性外傷的數(shù)值模擬分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-05 17:15
【摘要】：眼是人類重要的器官，人類90%的信息都是通過(guò)眼的采集而傳入大腦的。目前，眼外傷已經(jīng)成為影響視覺(jué)健康的主要原因之一。當(dāng)碰撞物體大于眼眶口時(shí)，碰撞所造成的眶眼部損傷稱為鈍性外傷。損傷情況與碰撞的力量大小、方向有很大的關(guān)系，輕則引起眼瞼軟組織水腫、出血；眼球上的組織損傷；嚴(yán)重的導(dǎo)致眼眶壁的破裂、眼球的移位、運(yùn)動(dòng)功能損傷甚至眼球破裂等。研究外力對(duì)于眶眼區(qū)的作用、導(dǎo)致的損傷后果以及產(chǎn)生這些后果的力學(xué)機(jī)制，有重要的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值和臨床意義。 本文利用螺旋CT圖像進(jìn)行眶眼部各組織CT值的測(cè)量,通過(guò)經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式獲得了眶骨外側(cè)壁、內(nèi)側(cè)壁、上壁和下壁等生物材料的材料常數(shù)。建立了同時(shí)過(guò)眼球中心和眼軸線的軸向斷層與矢向斷層的二維模型以及過(guò)視神經(jīng)孔和眼眶內(nèi)篩骨的軸向斷層模型。二維模型雖簡(jiǎn)單，但有限元分析結(jié)果仍有一定意義。靜力載荷施于眼瞼軟組織上，約束眶壁外邊界線的前后向的位移，有限元分析的結(jié)果表明：1.眶內(nèi)側(cè)壁比眶外側(cè)壁變形大；眶下壁較眶上壁變形大，這與臨床資料的“內(nèi)壁和下壁損傷最為多見(jiàn)，上壁和外壁較為少見(jiàn)”結(jié)果相符。2.眼球后半部分與視神經(jīng)接觸處的等效應(yīng)力與等效應(yīng)變相對(duì)較大，提示該處是較易受到損傷的地方。 本文還以連續(xù)冠向斷層圖為基礎(chǔ)，建立了眶眼區(qū)的三維模型，模型包括眶骨、眼球殼和眼內(nèi)容物，以及眶內(nèi)軟組織。約束眶骨邊界面的前后向位移，在眼瞼和眶緣上施正壓力，有限元分析結(jié)果也顯示：1.眶內(nèi)側(cè)壁與眶下壁在鈍性力作用下較其它兩壁容易骨折；2.從眼球的變形情況分析，眼球上的易受損組織為虹膜根部、房角和晶狀體等眼球前半部份的組織；3.眶內(nèi)易受損組織還包括在眼球與眶內(nèi)側(cè)壁和下壁之間、控制眼球運(yùn)動(dòng)的下直肌、內(nèi)直肌和下斜肌。這些都與臨床資料相符，可以給臨床醫(yī)師提供一定參考，提示醫(yī)師在檢查病人時(shí)應(yīng)該側(cè)重檢查的部位，以免漏診外傷患者的傷情。
[Abstract]:The eye is an important organ of human beings, 90% of the information is transmitted to the brain through the collection of the eye. At present, eye trauma has become one of the main causes of visual health. When the colliding object is larger than the orbital orifice, the orbital injury caused by the collision is called blunt trauma. The injury is closely related to the strength and direction of the collision, but the soft tissue edema and bleeding of the eyelid are caused by the light injury, and the tissue damage on the eyeball is caused by the light injury of the soft tissue of the eyelid. It leads to the rupture of orbital wall, displacement of eyeball, injury of motor function and even rupture of eyeball. It is of great academic and clinical significance to study the effect of external force on orbital region, the consequences of injury and the mechanical mechanism of these consequences. In this paper, the CT values of orbital tissues were measured by spiral CT images, and the material constant of biomaterials such as lateral wall, medial wall, superior wall and inferior wall of orbital bone were obtained by empirical formula. A two-dimensional model of axial and sagittal tomography passing through the center of the eye and the axis of the eye, as well as the axial tomography model of the optic nerve foramen and the ethmoid bone in the orbit, were established. Although the two-dimensional model is simple, the finite element analysis results still have certain significance. The static load applied to the soft tissue of eyelid restricts the forward and backward displacement of the outer boundary line of orbital wall. The results of finite element analysis show that: 1. The deformation of the medial wall of the orbit is larger than that of the lateral wall of the orbit, and the deformation of the suborbital wall is larger than that of the supraorbital wall, which is consistent with the results of "the injury of the inner wall and the inferior wall is the most common, and the upper wall and the outer wall are rare". The equivalent stress and equivalent effect at the contact between the posterior part of the eyeball and the optic nerve became relatively large, suggesting that the posterior part of the eyeball was more vulnerable to injury. On the basis of continuous crown tomography, a three-dimensional model of orbital region was established, which included orbital bone, eyeball shell and eye contents, as well as orbital soft tissue. The forward and backward displacement of the orbital edge interface is constrained, and the positive pressure is applied to the eyelid and orbital margin. The results of finite element analysis also show that: 1. The medial orbital wall and the suborbital wall were more likely to fracture than the other two walls under the action of blunt force. From the analysis of the deformation of the eyeball, the vulnerable tissues on the eyeball were the iris root, the angle of the chamber and the anterior part of the lens. Orbital vulnerable tissue also includes the inferior rectus muscle, internal rectus muscle and inferior oblique muscle, which control the movement of the eyeball between the eyeball and the medial and inferior walls of the orbit. These are consistent with the clinical data, which can provide some reference for clinicians, suggesting that doctors should pay attention to the location of examination when examining patients, so as not to miss the injury of trauma patients.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：R779.1
本文編號(hào)：2493688
[Abstract]:The eye is an important organ of human beings, 90% of the information is transmitted to the brain through the collection of the eye. At present, eye trauma has become one of the main causes of visual health. When the colliding object is larger than the orbital orifice, the orbital injury caused by the collision is called blunt trauma. The injury is closely related to the strength and direction of the collision, but the soft tissue edema and bleeding of the eyelid are caused by the light injury, and the tissue damage on the eyeball is caused by the light injury of the soft tissue of the eyelid. It leads to the rupture of orbital wall, displacement of eyeball, injury of motor function and even rupture of eyeball. It is of great academic and clinical significance to study the effect of external force on orbital region, the consequences of injury and the mechanical mechanism of these consequences. In this paper, the CT values of orbital tissues were measured by spiral CT images, and the material constant of biomaterials such as lateral wall, medial wall, superior wall and inferior wall of orbital bone were obtained by empirical formula. A two-dimensional model of axial and sagittal tomography passing through the center of the eye and the axis of the eye, as well as the axial tomography model of the optic nerve foramen and the ethmoid bone in the orbit, were established. Although the two-dimensional model is simple, the finite element analysis results still have certain significance. The static load applied to the soft tissue of eyelid restricts the forward and backward displacement of the outer boundary line of orbital wall. The results of finite element analysis show that: 1. The deformation of the medial wall of the orbit is larger than that of the lateral wall of the orbit, and the deformation of the suborbital wall is larger than that of the supraorbital wall, which is consistent with the results of "the injury of the inner wall and the inferior wall is the most common, and the upper wall and the outer wall are rare". The equivalent stress and equivalent effect at the contact between the posterior part of the eyeball and the optic nerve became relatively large, suggesting that the posterior part of the eyeball was more vulnerable to injury. On the basis of continuous crown tomography, a three-dimensional model of orbital region was established, which included orbital bone, eyeball shell and eye contents, as well as orbital soft tissue. The forward and backward displacement of the orbital edge interface is constrained, and the positive pressure is applied to the eyelid and orbital margin. The results of finite element analysis also show that: 1. The medial orbital wall and the suborbital wall were more likely to fracture than the other two walls under the action of blunt force. From the analysis of the deformation of the eyeball, the vulnerable tissues on the eyeball were the iris root, the angle of the chamber and the anterior part of the lens. Orbital vulnerable tissue also includes the inferior rectus muscle, internal rectus muscle and inferior oblique muscle, which control the movement of the eyeball between the eyeball and the medial and inferior walls of the orbit. These are consistent with the clinical data, which can provide some reference for clinicians, suggesting that doctors should pay attention to the location of examination when examining patients, so as not to miss the injury of trauma patients.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：R779.1
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