【摘要】：斜視是指兩眼不能同時(shí)注視目標(biāo),使得視軸分離,屬眼球運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙,原因之一是由眼外肌功能異常引起的。斜視手術(shù)可以通過(guò)加強(qiáng)或減弱眼外肌的力量,改變其解剖因素來(lái)達(dá)到矯正斜視的目的,眼球組織的三維運(yùn)動(dòng)建模有助于這類眼科疾病的診斷和治療。 眼外肌包括上直肌、下直肌、外直肌、內(nèi)直肌、上斜肌、下斜肌六條肌肉,附著在眼球鞏膜上,共同控制眼球的運(yùn)動(dòng)。作為眼部組織重要的組成部分,眼外肌的生物力學(xué)特性對(duì)建立眼球運(yùn)動(dòng)模型,定性定量分析斜視手術(shù)矯正效果,是不可或缺的重要部分。 本文通過(guò)對(duì)離體豬眼外肌進(jìn)行單向拉伸實(shí)驗(yàn),檢測(cè)眼外肌的被動(dòng)力學(xué)行為,并以此為基礎(chǔ)建立眼部組織的三維有限元模型,運(yùn)用有限元軟件分析眼外肌以及眼球轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)角度的相關(guān)性,為臨床斜視手術(shù)提供有力的理論依據(jù)和指導(dǎo)。主要工作內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下： 1.選取豬眼外肌為研究對(duì)象,從當(dāng)?shù)赝涝讏?chǎng)獲取新鮮的豬眼外直肌,在離體情況下對(duì)其進(jìn)行單軸拉伸實(shí)驗(yàn),檢測(cè)豬眼外肌被動(dòng)力學(xué)行為； 2.分別采用超彈性模型Mooney-Rivlin本構(gòu)模型和Ogden本構(gòu)模型擬合實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),分析眼外肌超彈性特性參數(shù),并將其輸入到數(shù)值建模軟件ABAQUS中,建立相應(yīng)的有限元模型,以驗(yàn)證超彈性模型對(duì)眼外肌被動(dòng)力學(xué)行為描述的合理性。與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,結(jié)果表明有限元模擬結(jié)果和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果無(wú)明顯差異,說(shuō)明超彈性本構(gòu)模型能夠很好地描述眼外肌的被動(dòng)力學(xué)行為。 3.建立眼部組織的有限元模型,從眼球解剖學(xué)資料中獲取眼球和眼外肌的相關(guān)幾何參數(shù),建立的眼部組織三維有限元模型能較好的反應(yīng)眼球及其六條眼外肌之間的形態(tài)特點(diǎn)以及附著位置。將眼球視為線性材料,眼外肌采用上述豬眼外肌實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)擬合的超彈性材料特性參數(shù)。對(duì)建立好的有限元模型施加載荷和位移,分析眼球運(yùn)動(dòng)和眼外肌受力之間的關(guān)系。模擬結(jié)果與臨床實(shí)際在較大程度上相符。
[Abstract]:Strabismus is one of the reasons that two eyes can not look at the target at the same time, so that the visual axis is separated, which belongs to the disorder of eyeball movement, one of the reasons is the abnormal function of extraocular muscle. Strabismus surgery can correct strabismus by strengthening or weakening the strength of extraocular muscles and changing its anatomical factors. The modeling of three-dimensional movement of eyeball tissue is helpful to the diagnosis and treatment of this kind of ophthalmological diseases. The extraocular muscles include the superior rectus muscle, the inferior rectus muscle, the external rectus muscle, the internal rectus muscle, the superior oblique muscle and the inferior oblique muscle, which are attached to the sclera of the eyeball and control the movement of the eyeball together. As an important part of eye tissue, the biomechanical properties of extraocular muscle are indispensable to establish eye movement model and to analyze the correction effect of strabismus surgery qualitatively and quantitatively. A three-dimensional finite element model of eye tissue was established on the basis of unidirectional tension test of extraocular muscle in vitro, and the dynamic behavior of extraocular muscle was examined in this paper, based on which, a three-dimensional finite element model of eye tissue was established. The correlation between extraocular muscle and eye rotation angle was analyzed by finite element software, which provided a powerful theoretical basis and guidance for clinical strabismus surgery. The main contents and conclusions of the work are as follows: 1. Porcine extraocular rectus muscle was obtained from local abattoir and tested by uniaxial tensile test in vitro to detect the dynamic behavior of porcine extraocular muscle. 2. The hyperelastic model Mooney-Rivlin constitutive model and Ogden constitutive model are used to fit the experimental data. The hyperelastic parameters of the extraocular muscle are analyzed and input into the numerical modeling software ABAQUS to establish the corresponding finite element model. In order to verify the rationality of the hyperelastic model to describe the dynamic behavior of the extraocular muscles. Compared with the experimental results, the results show that there is no significant difference between the finite element simulation results and the experimental results, indicating that the hyperelastic constitutive model can well describe the dynamic behavior of extraocular muscles. 3. The finite element model of ocular tissue was established, and the geometric parameters of the eyeball and extraocular muscle were obtained from the anatomical data of the eyeball. The established three-dimensional finite element model of ocular tissue can better reflect the morphological characteristics and attachment position of the eyeball and its six extraocular muscles. The eyeball was regarded as linear material and the hyperelastic material parameters of extraocular muscle were fitted with the experimental data of pig extraocular muscle. Load and displacement are applied to the established finite element model, and the relationship between eye movement and force of extraocular muscle is analyzed. The simulated results were in good agreement with the clinical practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：R779.6

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