【摘要】：眼睛是心靈的窗戶，它的健康與否直接關(guān)系到每個個人的生活質(zhì)量。然而，同所有的實際光學(xué)系統(tǒng)一樣，人眼不是一個完善的屈光系統(tǒng)，存在著各種像差，其中不僅含有離焦、散光在內(nèi)的各種低階像差，還包括諸如三葉草，四葉草等在內(nèi)的高階像差。長期以來，人們對人眼像差的測量和矯正主要集中在離焦、散光等低階像差項上，這一方面是因為統(tǒng)計意義上來講，這類像差對于人類的視力影響最大；另一方面，也是由于人類的鏡片磨制技術(shù)只能矯正離焦、散光之類的低階像差。隨著準(zhǔn)分子激光手術(shù)的發(fā)展和普及，屈光手術(shù)已經(jīng)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，但患者術(shù)后的并發(fā)癥也困擾著醫(yī)生和病患。其中部分原因是由于對于高階像差測量的不完備導(dǎo)致角膜手術(shù)后患者眼的像差失控，深入理解和準(zhǔn)確測量人眼高階像差對于有效控制角膜手術(shù)效果，提高病患生活質(zhì)量無疑有著重要意義。 本文沿著上一屆師兄的主客觀結(jié)合的人眼像差測量平臺思路出發(fā)，詳細(xì)討論了這一人眼像差光學(xué)測量系統(tǒng)搭建過程中可能存在的誤差，并對其進行了仔細(xì)地定量分析和計算。根據(jù)計算結(jié)果，，我們提出了基于客觀測量數(shù)據(jù)的光學(xué)系統(tǒng)安裝與調(diào)節(jié)方案。在此基礎(chǔ)之上，提出了優(yōu)化了的主客觀相結(jié)合的人眼像差測量光路，分析并給出了眼瞳與HSS測量孔徑不匹配情況下的像差還原代數(shù)方法。本文將以如下線索展開： 從波前像差的基本概念出發(fā)，介紹波前像差的基本理論，并詳細(xì)地分析了Zernike多項式各階項對應(yīng)表達式的含義；對Hartmann-Shack傳感器測量人眼像差的原理進行了詳細(xì)分析，給出了Hartmann-Shack傳感器可測量范圍的公式和波前重構(gòu)的基本公式，計算了傳感器的測量局限；分析了參考面上波前形狀對最終測量得到的被測波前結(jié)果的影響，計算并給出了基于客觀的準(zhǔn)直照明光束調(diào)節(jié)方法，從而使得我們以較高的精度和可重復(fù)地獲得了接近理想的參考波前；提出了應(yīng)用HSS參與調(diào)節(jié)整個人眼測量光路的系統(tǒng)方法，解決了由于光學(xué)鏡片制造公差、設(shè)計波長與實際波長的不同所造成的包括離焦像差在內(nèi)的各種透鏡誤差所可能帶來的系統(tǒng)安裝誤差，使得我們能夠?qū)Φ墓鈱W(xué)測量平臺的搭建精度予以準(zhǔn)確地判斷，并使得我們的測量結(jié)果具備信服，可靠，可重復(fù)的特點；引入了調(diào)節(jié)同軸度更高的照明光束預(yù)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)，提高信噪比的同時解決了同軸度調(diào)節(jié)困難的問題；引入了用于減小激光散斑影響的消散斑光路，對其消除散斑的可行性進行了實驗研究；提出了允許主觀參與調(diào)節(jié)的主客觀相結(jié)合的人眼像差測量系統(tǒng)；在實驗部分，我們分別用實驗的方法研究了人眼主觀調(diào)節(jié)對像差的改善、佩戴鏡框眼鏡對低階和高階像差的改善以及應(yīng)用可變形鏡實時矯正人眼像差的可能性。進行較為全面的實驗分析與研究工作。
[Abstract]:The eye is the window of the soul, and its health is directly related to the quality of life of each individual. However, like all practical optical systems, the human eye is not a perfect refractive system, and there are aberrations, not only of low order aberrations, including defocusing, astigmatism, but also of clover, High-order aberrations, such as clover, etc. For a long time, people mainly focus on low-order aberrations such as defocus, astigmatism and so on. On the one hand, these aberrations have the greatest influence on human visual acuity in the statistical sense. On the other hand, it is also because human lens grinding techniques can only correct low-order aberrations such as defocus and astigmatism. With the development and popularization of excimer laser surgery, refractive surgery has been widely used. Part of the reason is that the incomplete measurement of high-order aberrations leads to out-of-control of the aberrations in the eyes of the patients after corneal surgery, and in-depth understanding and accurate measurement of the high-order aberrations of the human eye are effective in controlling the effect of corneal surgery. There is no doubt that it is of great significance to improve the quality of life of the patients. In this paper, the possible errors in the construction of the optical measurement system of human eye aberration are discussed in detail according to the train of thought of the previous brother's subjective and objective human eye aberration measurement platform, and its quantitative analysis and calculation are carried out in detail. According to the calculation results, we propose an optical system installation and adjustment scheme based on objective measurement data. On the basis of this, the optimized optical path of human eye aberration measurement combined with subjective and objective is proposed, and an algebraic method of aberration reduction under the condition that the pupil does not match the aperture of HSS measurement is analyzed and given. Based on the basic concept of wavefront aberration, this paper introduces the basic theory of wavefront aberration and analyzes in detail the meaning of the corresponding expressions of every order term of Zernike polynomials. The principle of measuring human eye aberration by Hartmann-Shack sensor is analyzed in detail. The formula of measurable range of Hartmann-Shack sensor and the basic formula of wavefront reconstruction are given, and the measurement limitation of the sensor is calculated. The influence of the wavefront shape on the reference surface on the measured wavefront results is analyzed, and the objective collimating illumination beam adjustment method is given. Thus we can obtain reference wavefront with high precision and repeatability. In this paper, a systematic method of adjusting the optical path of the whole human eye by using HSS is presented, and the tolerance of optical lens manufacturing is solved. The system installation error caused by different design wavelength and actual wavelength caused by various lens errors, including defocusing aberration, enables us to accurately judge the accuracy of the optical measurement platform. And make our measurement result have convincing, reliable, repeatable characteristic; The pre-adjusting system of illumination beam with higher coaxiality is introduced to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and solve the difficult problem of coaxiality adjustment at the same time. An experimental study on the feasibility of eliminating speckle is carried out by introducing the speckle light path which is used to reduce the influence of laser speckle, and a human eye aberration measurement system which allows subjective participation and objective adjustment is proposed. In the experimental part, we used experimental methods to study the improvement of subjective adjustment aberration, the improvement of low and high order aberrations with glasses, and the possibility of real-time correction of human eye aberrations with deformable lenses. Carry out more comprehensive experimental analysis and research work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：O43;R77

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